Projectile motion report free essay sample

Good morning friends and classmates. Good morning, Sir. In this report, we will talk about the concept of Projectile Motion. Now, for you to have a clearer concept of what you had in mind about this and before I give you the definition, I want to start with giving you an example. So, I want you guys to help me in this. (Draws on the board as she tells the story) So imagine that there is this tall, crazy guy on jersey no. (insert no. here) who has a ball with him and he happened to be boarded with all of you on a plane which is now on almost half-way to your destination. So he made a scene by opening the door as you guys are flying and he is freaking out, almost screaming, (Changes voice) â€Å"Yo pilot! If you’re not gonna let me drop this ball, I’m gonna freak you all out! † and the pilot says, â€Å"Wooow, hold it right there. We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile motion report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Okay, do whatever you want man, just please don’t threaten my physics-class passengers and hijack my plane. † Then the crazy man throws the ball. (Draws a curve path of the ball). Then the ball falls here after a second (draws a dot on the line), then here after a minute (another dot) and here after quite other minutes (another dot). The ball did not fall straight forward on the ground but it followed a curved path. This is because of the forces acting on it, like for one, gravity. So back in the story, the crazy man settled down on his seat and everyone on the plane went back to their businesses as if nothing happened. That my friends, the thing that happened with the ball, is your projectile motion. However, we also have a meaning we got from our sources, (change slide) Projectile motion is a branch of classical mechanics in which the motion of an object (the projectile) is analyzed under the influence of the constant acceleration of gravity, after it has been propelled with some initial velocity. And, Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object projected into the air at an angle. (change slide) Other examples are, Soccer ball being kicked. A baseball being thrown. An athlete long jumping. Fireworks. Water fountains. (changes slide) (Pictures of the samples shown) Which you can see here, travels a similar curved path. The curved path travelled by the ball and the other examples is what we call the Trajectory (changes slide). As defined, Trajectory is the path taken by an object moving in air or space under the influence of forces such as thrust, wind resistance and gravity. For experiment 3, we have included 2 objectives: To understand the different factors that affect a projectile’s motion and its trajectory and to identify the relationship of the projectile’s components. (changes slide) Ayan, next ay yung methodology. Una, yung mga ginamit nating materials ay ang mga sumusunod: Mini-launcher kasama yung steel ball bilang yung projectile, measuring tape or meter stick para ma-measure natin yung distances, carbon paper and blank sheets of paper para mas medaling malaman kung san tumama yung steel ball, aat masking tape pandikit sa mga papel. (changes slide) Ito namang susunod ay yung procedures. Hinati sa tatlo, una procedures para makuha yung Initial velocity ng projectile, pangalawa ay para makuha yung range ng projectile at panghuli ay para makita yung trajectory nung projectile. Para malaman yung initial velocity ng projectile, ganito yung set-up. Sinecure natin yung mini-launcher dito sa gilid ng mesa(turo sa edge ng mesa) in a way na kapantay (or horizontally) niya yung table. Tapos kinarga natin yung steel ball sa launcher hanggang sa narinig natin yung pangalawang click. Binaril? Finire, you know, natin yung mini-launcher para ma-test muna at makita kung saan expected na tumama yung ball sa sahig. Ayan, after naman nun eh di nilagay na natin yung bond paper dun sa target area tapos yung carbon paper naman ay sa ibabaw ng bond paper para makita yung mark nung steel ball pag tumama. Tapos nilagyan ulit natin ng ball yung launcher tapos binaril/ finire ulit natin. Bale apat na beses natin tong ginawa. After nung four trials, gamit naman yung meter stick, mineasure natin yung horizontal and vertical distance mula dun sa mark nung bola sa paper hanggang dun sa origin natin na naka-indicate sa gilid ng launcher. Nirecord yung mga nakuhang measurements tapos compute na nung velocity. (changes slide) ito bale yung itsura nung nagging set-up, galling to sa protocol. (changes slide) Ito yung results na nakuha namin. Sa compution ng initial velocity nung projectile, ito yung formula namin (sulat ng formula  sa board). Yung result na nakuha naming ay 396. 31 cm per second squared. (changes slide) itong next naman ay yung range ng projectile natin. Tulad nung kanina, sa edge pa rin ng table ilalagay yung mini-launcher pero this time dapat kapag binaril na natin ung launcher, sa table tatama yung steel ball. Yung mga bond paper naman at carbon paper kanina, ililipat din natin sa table. Tapos imbes na dalawang click yung sa steel ball pag nilagay sa launcher, isang click na lang at dapat naka-incline yung launcher natin sa angle na nalagay sa table sa protocol. Tapos ayun, fire na natin yung launcher tapos imeasure natin yung distance mula sa mark hanggang sa origin na nakaindicate sa launcher. Bale tatlong trial per angle ang gagawin natin. (changes slide) ito naman yung itsura nung set-up based sa protocol. (changes slide) ito yung mga nakuha naming results sa 20 degrees, 30, 45, 60 at 70 degrees. Dito sa table, makikita natin na nung inclined yung launcher ng 45 degrees, yun yung may pinakamataas na range. Kumbaga increasing yung range mula 20 hanggang 30 degrees tapos peak yung sa 45 degrees tapos nung 60-70 degrees naman decreasing na yung range nung projectile. Kapag titignan natin yung results graphically, ito yung kakalabasan. Ayan, mej parabola yung itsura niya. Hindi nga lang siya smooth pero danun yung idea. (changes slide) Part three of the lab exercise is about trajectory. For this part, place the gun on the side of the table but don’t secure it with clamps. After that, set the angle of release at a constant angle with the gun facing the wall. The angle may be between 30 ° and 45 °. Then, starting with the greatest possible range X, the gun was released. This means that, as far as possible with the ball not having a negative Y value. The position of impact along the wall was then marked using carbon paper and bond paper. Each Y relative to the level of the origin of the ball was measured. Then, the gun was moved closer to the wall until it’s firing point blank at the wall. (changes slide) A total of 15-20 measurement of Y corresponding with the range X. finally, the data is recorded. (changes slide) Figure 3 shows the set-up for this part of the lab exercise. (changes slide)The results, as you can see, is shown in table 3 which is trajectory of the projectiles at a 40o angle of release. Kasi un ung napili naming na angle na gamitin. Makikita nyo naman ung data so isa-summarize ko na lang. Medyo hindi siya acuurate, pero as the x-Range in cm decreases the y-expt’l also in centimeters increases. (changes slide)Figure 5 shows the graph of the trajectory of the projectile at 40o angle and a graph of a parabola. The blue line is the parabola and pink line is the y-expt’l. Based on the graph, the parabola shows that as there is an inclination from angle 140o to 68o, then a declination occurs from 68o 45o. So sa 68o nya mare-reach ung kanyang maximum height. (changes slide) Conclusion : Based on the experiment we did and also on researches we have read†¦ A projectile would be very accurate with the absence of factors that affects its movement. Such factors that affect the resulting motion of a projectile would be human error, wind resistance and gravity (9. 8m/s2). The 2 dimensional motion of a projectile is the combination of the horizontal motion and the vertical motion affected by the acceleration due to gravity. A projectile is affected by the angle of inclination from which it was released and different range of values may result from different angle of inclination. (Changes slide) Error Analysis : The complementary angles, based on the experiment done, result to having a range of close values but not equal. And maybe we have shaken the table a little bit. (Change slide) Recommendation : The mini-launcher should be stable and the different parameters such as the angle of inclination and height of the mini-launcher should be checked every after one shot. Additional Information (Trivia) : Airplanes and birds are not considered projectiles because they are self-propelled. Only when they are on air they can be considered projectiles. Ayan, tapos na po report namin. May questions po ba or clarifications? Wala? Okay. Ako may tanong, ano ito (yung hintuturo, parang superman pero may trajectory – parang yung projectile motion din)? (Audience) Spear yun. Ano naman ito (Same nung action kanina pero yumuyugyog yung kamay)? (Audience) - Siret? Shakespeare naman yun. Havey? Waley? Okay.

Free Essays on The Three Musketeers

The Three Musketeers By Alexander Dumas Historical Fiction The protagonist of this book is d’Artagnon. A young Frenchman from Gascony. Who dreams of becoming a Musketeer. The antagonist of this book is the Cardinal, who wishes to expose the queen’s love affair with the Duke of Buckingham. d’Artagnon stands in the way of his plans. This book is about a young man d’Artagnon who comes to Paris to be a musketeer on his way he meets three musketeer’s Porthos, Athos and Aramis who serve the king. d’Artagnon falls in love with Constance de Bonacieux. The kings wife Anne has fallen in love with the duke of Buckingham to show how much she loves him she gives him a twelve stud diamond bracelet that her husband gave to her on her last birthday. Milady de Winter one of the Cardinal’s spies steals two studs off the bracelet, and gives them to the king. But at the same time the duke had two more put on and d’Artagnon rushes back to give them to the queen before a banquet in witch the king has ordered Anne to wear. Constance the queen’s seamstress knows all about the queen’s secrets, therefore the cardinal wants to improson her and get those secrets, and he does. Later Constance is sent to a convent were lady de Winter poisons her with wine before d’Artagnon reaches her . d’Artagnon later finds out that Athos, who was once a lord of France and was married to lady de Winter and he discovered that she was marked with the fleur de lit witch means she is a terrible villain, he has the right to sentence her to death he hangs her from a tree but she survives. They all swear revenge. She is sent to England to kill duke Buckingham. She is imprisoned by the duke but she manipulates the guard and convinces the guard to murder’s the duke of Buckingham. d’Artagnon, athos and Porthos and an executioner who branded her with the fleur de lit. they execute her and are not punished because they have the letter that the cardinal w... Free Essays on The Three Musketeers Free Essays on The Three Musketeers The Three Musketeers By Alexander Dumas Historical Fiction The protagonist of this book is d’Artagnon. A young Frenchman from Gascony. Who dreams of becoming a Musketeer. The antagonist of this book is the Cardinal, who wishes to expose the queen’s love affair with the Duke of Buckingham. d’Artagnon stands in the way of his plans. This book is about a young man d’Artagnon who comes to Paris to be a musketeer on his way he meets three musketeer’s Porthos, Athos and Aramis who serve the king. d’Artagnon falls in love with Constance de Bonacieux. The kings wife Anne has fallen in love with the duke of Buckingham to show how much she loves him she gives him a twelve stud diamond bracelet that her husband gave to her on her last birthday. Milady de Winter one of the Cardinal’s spies steals two studs off the bracelet, and gives them to the king. But at the same time the duke had two more put on and d’Artagnon rushes back to give them to the queen before a banquet in witch the king has ordered Anne to wear. Constance the queen’s seamstress knows all about the queen’s secrets, therefore the cardinal wants to improson her and get those secrets, and he does. Later Constance is sent to a convent were lady de Winter poisons her with wine before d’Artagnon reaches her . d’Artagnon later finds out that Athos, who was once a lord of France and was married to lady de Winter and he discovered that she was marked with the fleur de lit witch means she is a terrible villain, he has the right to sentence her to death he hangs her from a tree but she survives. They all swear revenge. She is sent to England to kill duke Buckingham. She is imprisoned by the duke but she manipulates the guard and convinces the guard to murder’s the duke of Buckingham. d’Artagnon, athos and Porthos and an executioner who branded her with the fleur de lit. they execute her and are not punished because they have the letter that the cardinal w... Free Essays on The Three Musketeers Alexandre Dumas’ novel â€Å"The Three Musketeers† remains extremely exciting and funny. This novel keeps the reader on the edge the entire time, wondering what will happen next. The novel follows four men that remain insupportable: D’Artagna, Athos, Porthos and Aramis in their heroic acts, D’Artagnan’s love interests and the continues scandals between the Queen, King and Duke of Buckingham. The end of this novel is the best part. It leaves the reader jaw dropped in amazement. The most important characters are the four best friends: D’Artagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis. It has become apparent that D’Artagnan is the central character of the novel, Dumas has portrayed the reader that not only is D’Artagnan still a brave, noble, intelligent and ambitious young man. But is also very crafty and romantic. He is driven by love, and tends to often find himself in love with more than one person at a time. This has been a steady flaw of D’Artagnans from the very beginning of the novel, to the very end. Throughout the novel D’Artagnan turns to Athos for guidance. Athos is the most important of the three musketeers. He is also a father figure to D’Artagnan. This may be because he is also the oldest of his comrades. However He is still young at heart and loves being a musketeer. This becomes more evident in the last half of the novel. Aramis on the other hand, is constantly announcing he is only temporarily in the muskete ers, and that any day now he will r! eturn to the church to pursue his true calling. By the end of the novel the reader can almost predict what he will say next. This makes Aramis a predictable character, however the reader can count of the level-minded advice of Aramis to call reason to a situation. Aramis has a mysterious mistress; her name is Madame de Chevreuse. He tries to keep her existence and identity hidden from his friends however by the end of the novel all four men know the truth. Por...

Ethics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics - Assignment Example by the advice of the instructor and disregard, in my final analysis of the data, the 5% of the sample that had showed negative response to the drug being tested. In this case, I would not disclose to the 5% of the people who responded negatively to the drug, that the drug possibly made them to develop some medical problems. One of the stakeholders in this dilemma is the management and the shareholders of the drug manufacturing company that had funded this research. Disclosing the 5% negative response of the drug being tested could lead to big losses to the shareholders of the company because, the drug being tested could be regarded unfit for human consumption. The second stakeholder in this dilemma is the human research subjects. Failure to disclose the true results of the research could make some the study subjects who had showed evidence of developing medical complications due to the drugs, not to seek medical care. The third stakeholder is the ethical dilemma is me, the ethical decision maker. The ethical decision that I would make in this dilemma would determine whether I have acted professionally or not. This would have an effect in my career. The supervisor is the fourth stakeholder in this dilemma. The decision that I would take in this case would, undoubtedly, have an effect on the supervisor: adhering to the supervisor’s advice would mean that the supervisor would be considered successful in this research, while defying the advice of the supervisor would imply that the supervisor is not successful in this research. The choice of the first possible action in this dilemma would be perfectly in line with the ethical guidelines for statistical practice. One of the ethical guideline for statistical practice is observing professionalism and avoiding deceptions and other unethical behaviour in statistical analysis. Including the 5% of the sample would mean that the drugs have some health problems and this could mean big losses to the shareholders of the

Challenges in The Developing Ethical Practice in Health Care Essay

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Theory of Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

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The Fertilizer Industry In India Environmental Sciences Essay

The Fertilizer Industry In India Environmental Sciences Essay The fertilizer plant was established in 1906 in Tamil Nadu. The growth of the fertilizer industry began in 1951 with plant establishment by Fertilizer Corporation of India. The constant demand of fertilizer resulted in Green Revolution and lead to spreading of industry in industry in several parts of India. Today, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala and Punjab produce over half of the total produce of fertilizer required in India. Apart from them, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Goa and Karnataka are also important producers of fertilizers. The ease of obtain ability of natural gas resulted in the wide spread of the fertilizer industry. India produces nitrogenous nearly 11 million tones, phosphate 4 million tones and potash fertilizers to 1.7 million tones. The country imports potassium from abroad. 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The fertilizers industry in India has a good and bright future in the market. The Indian government is offering optimal support by subsidizing raw materials as well as by relaxing the export policies and this is found to be favourable to the fertilizer co mpanies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fertilizers are chemical compounds applied to promote plant and fruit growth. Fertilizers are usually applied either through the soil (for uptake by plant roots) or, by foliar feeding (for uptake through leaves). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fertilizers can be placed into the categories of organic fertilizers (composed of decayed plant/animal matter), or inorganic fertilizers (composed of simple chemicals and minerals) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ .Organic fertilizers are naturally occurring compounds, such as peat, manufactured through natural processes (such as composting), or naturally occurring mineral deposits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fertilizers typically provide, in varying proportions, the three major plant nutrients: Industrial Environment of Fertilizers. . Cadmium is produced mainly as a by-product of mining, smelting and refining of zinc and, to a lesser degree, as a by-product of lead and copper production. It is therefore primarily a function of zinc production rather than cadmium demand. Major shifts in smelting and refining technology (from pyrometallurgical to hydrometallurgical processes) have led to significant decreases in releases of cadmium to the environment. Cadmium is used and traded globally as a metal and as a component in various products, in particular in batteries until it was banned in a number of countries. Other major uses of refined cadmium are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pigments for plastics, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ceramics and enamels; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Stabilizers for plastics; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Plating on iron and steel; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ alloying element of some lead, copper and tin alloys. Since 1990, the consumption of such products has been decreasing significantly because of the awareness of the detrimental impacts on health and the environment. Waste management systems have increasingly been put in place in industrialized countries to reduce releases of cadmium into the environment. However, some of the uses of cadmium which have been phased out in developed countries have continued or even increased in developing countries. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY This leads to the rise of very large cities and surrounding suburban areas with a high rate of economic activity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ These urban centers require the input of external energy sources in order to overcome the diminishing returns of agricultural consolidation, due partially to the lack of nearby arable land, associated transportation and storage costs, and are otherwise unsustainable. Industrial societies are generally mass societies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Industrial society is characterized by the use of external energy sources, such as fossil fuels, to increase the rate and scale of production. The production of food is shifted to large commercial farms where the products of industry, such as combine harvesters and petroleum based fertilizers, are used to decrease required human labor while increasing production. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No longer needed for the production of food, excess labor is moved into these factories where mechanization is utilized to further increase efficiency. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As populations grow, and mechanization is further refined, often to the level of automation, many workers shift to expanding service industries. MAJOR PRACTICES IN AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the husbandry of domesticated animals and plants (i.e. crops) creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more densely populated and stratified societies. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science (the related practice of gardening is studied in horticulture). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Agriculture encompasses a wide variety of specialties and techniques, including ways to expand the lands suitable for plant raising, by digging water-channels and other forms of irrigation. Cultivation of crops on arable land and the pastoral herding of livestock on rangeland remain at the foundation of agriculture. In the past century there has been increasing concern to identify and quantify various forms of agriculture. In the developed world the range usually extends between sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture) and intensive farming (e.g. industrial agriculture). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, and at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pig farming (and similar practices applied to the chicken) have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal cruelty and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tillage is the practice of plowing soil to prepare for planting or for nutrient incorporation or for pest control. Tillage varies in intensity from conventional to no-till. It may improve productivity by warming the soil, incorporating fertilizer and controlling weeds, but also renders soil more prone to erosion, triggers the decomposition of organic matter releasing CO2, and reduces the abundance and diversity of soil organisms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ . Pest control includes the management of weeds, insects/mites, and diseases. Chemical (pesticides), biological (biocontrol), mechanical (tillage), and cultural practices are used. Cultural practices include crop rotation, culling, cover crops, intercropping, composting, avoidance, and resistance. Integrated pest management attempts to use all of these methods to keep pest populations below the number which would cause economic loss, and recommends pesticides as a last resort. . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nutrient management includes both the source of nutrient inputs for crop and livestock production, and the method of utilization of manure produced by livestock. Nutrient inputs can be chemical inorganic fertilizers, manure, green manure, compost and mined minerals Crop nutrient use may also be managed using cultural techniques such as crop rotation or a fallow period Manure is utilized either by holding livestock where the feed crop is growing such as in Managed intensive rotational grazing, or by spreading either dry or liquid formulations of manure on cropland or pastures. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Water management is where rainfall is insufficient or variable, which occurs to some degree in most regions of the world. Some farmers use irrigation to supplement rainfall. In other areas such as the Great Plains in the U.S. and Canada, farmers use a fallow year to conserve soil moisture to use for growing a crop in the following year. Agriculture represents 70% of freshwater use worldwide . The role of the fertilizer industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The fertilizer industry helps ensure that farmers have the nutrients they need to grow enough crops to meet the worlds requirements for food, feed, fiber and energy. The nutrients supplied by the industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The fertilizer industry encourages the adoption of Fertilizer Best Management Practices (FBMPs) as part of good agricultural practices. Future trends in this industry Fertilizer technology may be predicted by extrapolating from current developments. Mixtures and materials with high percentages of plant nutrients will dominate the field. Better ways of providing nitrogen, the most expensive of the three major nutrients, will be forthcoming, including increased use of anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and urea. No leachable nitrogen, for example, can be obtained through the urea-formaldehyde (ureaform) reaction, and ammonium met phosphate offers a concentrated liquid product. Micronutrients, or trace elements, specific to particular geographical areas will come into increasing use, as will custom mixing and bulk selling of mixtures containing several nutrients based on reliable soil and plant data. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ may come into use; with the tape planted, no further fertilizer or water will be needed until growth is well established. Such techniques using biodegradable tapes have already been developed on a small scale for use by home gardeners. Finally, larger and more precise fertilizing machines will be developed and adopted. The fertilizer sector in India holds a major share among the energy intensive industries of the country. The industry has shown unparalleled growth in the past few years. Although growing in an accelerating rate, the industry is faced with a number of challenges, inter alia, the lack of major plant resources such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The government has established nine public sector undertakings in the Indian fertilizer market and one cooperative society, known as the Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited (KRIBHCO) that functions under the supervision of the Department of Fertilizers in India. There are 63 large units dedicated to the production of fertilizers. Among these, 9 units produce ammonium sulphate while 38 units produce urea. There are 79 small and medium scale units producing single superphosphate. ECONOMIC IMPACT ON THE INDUSTRY The economy of the country does have considerable impact on the fertilizer industry in the following ways: The cost of this industry is quite high which is very difficult for the economy of the country to support especially in current circumstances. Natural Gas is the main requirement of this industry and it is very difficult to fulfill that. Recently the government has announced the cut in the supply of the Natural Gas in the shape of load shedding. When there is a boom in the agriculture sector of the economy, the demand of the fertilizers also gets increased which puts positive effects on the industry. HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES IN INDUSTRY There would not be any of such issues in the industry as the educated human resource is easily available and for further enhancement in performance training should be conducted in companies both technical and interpersonal. HURDLES IN MARKETING: Ineffective distribution process. Prices are not same in all over Pakistan. Uneducated target market because of this marketing is difficult. New entrants discouraged. Rigid and slow reaction to market changes. Weak competition or shortages may lead to price gouging and/or product adulteration. FINANCING EASILY AVAILABLE Financing is easily available in this sector. The government is willing to develop this sector so that it would fulfill the requirements. Recently, two plants are opening; one is of Fatima Fertilizer and one of Engro Ammonia Plant. In project of Engro Ammonia Plant there is total investment of $1billion is needed, for which it has signed a syndicate loan of Rs 18.3 billion. IMPACT OF POLITICAL PARTIES As in India, there is a culture that all of the work related to Government would be easier only when you have good relationship with these parties. Fertilizer Industry has too much concern with the Government for availability of Natural Gas and Water, subsidy, anti-dumping duty, and custom free import and so on. All these factors have considerable effect on the profitability of the companies and without political parties help, companies will not be able to get these benefits. In the industry, all companies have very good and stable relation with the political parties and therefore enjoy benefits which they want to. So, we can say that the impact of political parties is positive on this industry TRADE ISSUES RELATED TO FERTILIZER INDUSTRY 1. Agreement is being made that the market forces will be allowed to work, in the case of fertilizer imports. 2. To stop dumping in fertilizer industry the WTO regulation related to anti dumping must be applied in the industry for the industry benefit. 3. In case of import the fertilizer producing companies are exempted where as the non 4. The introduction of General Sales Tax on fertilizers should be carefully considered since it would have serious implications on price relations. 5. Market information and monitoring by the National Fertilizer Development Centre should be strengthened to serve as a real information centre for the fertilizer sector. PROPOSALS GIVEN BY PEOPLE OF FERTILIZER INDUSTRY The first point in proposal was about career development of employees People working in one section or department from years are still with the same knowledge and style of doing job. There should be proper career planning of employee which results in better and improved output for the organization. Some employees are working in the same department or section since they are appointed. Employees should be transferred with in departments so there is job variety that develops their interests, update their information and improve their performance. Due to high rate of unemployment in the country people join those jobs which are against their interest so proper analysis should be done and explore those employee which can do better what they are currently doing in the organization Management should take necessary action in implementing the safety organization. OUR PROPOSALS Strict quality control and monitoring should be there to prevent import of sub-standard products. The problem of logistics should be looked into. Transportation through railway (being cheaper), especially during peak seasons should be made available. There is a need to educate the farmers on balanced fertilizer use so as to neutralize the adverse impacts of constant use of nitrogenous fertilizers. HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS OF FERTILIZER INDUSTRY Hiring quality manpower, keeping them happy, satisfied and motivated are the pillars of the Human Resources Department; justice, fair play and merit oriented treatment are some of the ingredients of processing cases by the Human Resources Department. For Human Resource development, another aspect which receives its due share is training. The employees are exposed to various kinds of cross training, technical courses, management courses, workshops and seminars both at home and abroad. Employees welfare has all along received due consideration by the Management SPECIFIC TRAINING INSTITUTIONS Following training institutions are available: 1. NFC Institute of Engineering and Technological Training 2. Technical Training Center (TTC) NFC INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY : The NFC Institute of Engineering and Technological Training is the training centre of the National Fertilizer Corporation of Pakistan. It is a small engineering college established to meet the requirement of trained manpower for chemical process industry, especially in the fertilizer sector. A Training Centre was established in 1985. Operators and Technicians Supervisors Engineers. 2. TECHNICAL TRAINING CENTER 25 Technical Training Center (TTC) lies in its expert faculty having rich plant operation and maintenance experience, functional pilot plants, well equipped shops for practice and access to FFC operating plants for real life demonstration. This institution conducts following programs: Training of engineers technicians customized to Clients specific needs. Fertilizer Technology Course for fresh engineers. Professional Management Curses. Apprenticeship Programs for operators technicians. Skill Improvement Programs for operators technicians in the areas of Plant Operations, Maintenance Safety. Supplier Power No threat of forward integration. High Switching cost because it is difficult to contract with other groups and deal with them. Concentration is low. They act as separate groups competing for the same project. In this industry supplier has a high bargaining power, as most of them are Foreign Groups. Buyers Power Switching cost is low but does not have significant effect due to fixed prices. There are two substitute products available, Imported Fertilizer and Bio-Fertilizer. Production of bio-fertilizer is almost over and imported fertilizer is available at the same price because of anti-dumping duty and Government regulations for the prices of fertilizer for particular seasons are fixed. Although Buyers are large in numbers and purchases a large quantity as well, but buyers do not have a bargaining power. There is no forum available that protects them, and this group is not educated enough to fight for their rights. All what has happened, is done by the Government. Potential Entrants Brand reputation of existing companies is also one of the barriers because customers do not easily get ready to switch. Massive Ecological surveys must be done before companies can begin production. Government Policies and regulation are also act as barriers; because Natural Gas which is the main raw material of the industry, and the prices and supply of it is completely depend upon the Government. As before government was charging feed gas at lower rate and Fuel gas at higher rate. But now they are being charged at the same rate. Government does not easily give permission for manufacturing plant due to shortage of Natural gas and harmful environmental effects, this also act as a barrier. Huge capital requirement is one of the greatest barriers for entry. There are number of barriers to entry such, as capital requirements, government policies, reputation of existing firms and ecological surveys. Substitutes Switching costs is low. Suitability of Alternatives: imported fertilizer is as suitable as the industry products are. Bio-fertilizer is more suitable to use then the industry products, as it has no harmful environmental effects, cheap to produce and it also enhance the fertility of the soil. Where as our product reduces the natural fertility, but its production is almost over. Therefore industry does not have a threat of substitutes. There are two substitutes available 1. Imported Fertilizer 2. Bio-Fertilizer Rivalry Competition is only on the basis of Quality. Prices are fixed for every season so no competition on the basis of pricing behavior. Industry is at maturity stage so; competition on the basis of growth is low. Fixed Costs are too high, which is not easily possible to tolerate. It reduces the competition. MARKET The target market of the industry can be divided in to two parts: 1. Farmers 2. Land owners TREND ANALYSIS Political Trend: Gas for balancing, modernization, replacement expansion for existing plants has been filed for 7 years. Gas price has been fixed for 10 years for new investments. Export benefit to suppliers of capital goods for new/modernization projects of fertilizer. Tax relaxation has also been offered by the Government. Import by manufacturers of Rock Phosphate and Phosphorous of fertilizer free of customs duty. The Government is providing concessionary feed stock gas to the fertilizer plants for production of urea. Investors will be allowed to relocate second hand plant, equipment and machinery, with the same concession/exemption as applicable to new plants. To fulfil local demand of fertilizers at affordable prices, the Government is providing subsidy on production and import of fertilizers. Political trends are always in favour of this industry. The Government has provided following incentives under Fertilizer Policy, 2001, to encourage fertilizer production in the country: Economical Trend: Import by manufacturers of Rock Phosphate and Phosphorous of fertilizer free of customs duty.ØOne of the main sectors of economy is Agricultural as it contributes 22% to the GDP and without Fertilizer industry this sector would not able to work. Due to that Government always gives support to the fertilizer industry. PHOENIX Tax relaxation has been offered in order to attract new entrants. Export benefit to suppliers of capital goods for new/modernization projects of fertilizer. To reduce the dependence on Ban on export of fertilizer is also imposed so that economic stability would be gain.Ø The Government is providing subsidy on production and import of fertilizers. a massive subsidy of Rs. 27 billion in the supply of urea and DAP in 2009. imported fertilizers by enhancing the local production capacity. Social Trends: Although the adverse effects of this industry is very high because of the improper handling of the waste. Due to this, many diseases like asthma, kidney diseases, hepatitis etcare caused. Still, the usage of the fertilizers cannot be stopped because it gives farmers so much ease in terms of saving time and actually, using it. Making bio -fertilizer has now become an old usage and farmers dont prefer to use it against artificial fertilizer. Technological Trend: The fertilizer plant operators have now fully absorbed and assimilated the latest technological developments, incorporating environmental friendly process technologies, and are in a position to operate and maintain the plants at their optimum levels and on international standards in terms of capacity utilization, specific energy consumption. To meet the demand of fertilizers in the country through indigenous production, self-reliance in design engineering and execution of fertilizer projects is very crucial. This requires a strong indigenous technological base in planning, development of process know-how, detailed engineering and expertise in project management and execution of projects. The fertilizer industry is also carrying out de-bottlenecking and energy saving scheme in their existing plants and to enhance the capacity and reduce the specific energy consumption per ton of product. Companies are also planning to convert to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).pollution standards. The ave rage performance of gas-based plants in the country today is amongst the best in the world. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: All companies in the industry have developed a well planned network field warehouses to ensure that fertilizers are available to the farmers uninterrupted. Fertilizer industry peruses an innovative education oriented advertising policy utilizing electronic/ print media and road side advertisement. Industry has well distribution centers. Demand is heavy because, being an agriculture country and due to increasing awareness about the balanced use of fertilizer, demand for the fertilizer will increase. All the fertilizer plants are producing at more than 100 per cent installed capacity of utilization. Adding some new unit can enhance the production capacity of the plants. Weakness: Low advertising campaigns as growers and farmers are not educated and lives in Fertilizer sector is backward in technology and also lack in resources. villages, so they dont exactly know the balanced use of fertilizer. Demand is more and capacity of plants to produce fertilizers is less. Due to the existence of black market and heavy demand, farmers have to pay above then the stated price. Opportunities: As India is an agricultural country and farmers are getting awareness about the balanced use of fertili As demand is high comparing to supply, fertilizer sector has an opportunity to expand the capacity to fulfill the local demand. Government is giving support to fertilizer sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Availability of gas from Iran can increase the production of plants and industry c an fulfill the demands. There is no quota restriction by WTO since 2005, so there are more chances of export. If the quality is good customer will buy your product. By improving the quality of products, industry can attract more customers and can retain customers by satisfying their needs. zer, demand of fertilizer has increased. Threats: Government policies are not consistent regarding fertilizer industry. Bio fertilizer is the main threat to the industry because it is cheap and also environment friendly. Global prices of fertilizer products are also increasing which is causing increase in fertilizer prices in the country. Prices of fuel and gas have increased enormously. Unstable political condition in the country is also a big threat to fertilizer industry. Imported fertilizer is available at cheap prices than local fertilizer. As natural gas is the main raw material, load shedding of natural gas is big threat. CONCLUSION Planning and Administration and Vigilance. It makes an assessment of the individual requirements of the states and union territories and then lays out an elaborate supply plan. Though the soil in India is rich in silt, it lacks chief plant nutrients like potassium, nitrogen and phosphate. The increase in the production of fertilizers and its consumption acts as a major contributor to overall agricultural development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Size of Indian Fertilizer Industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Growth of Indian Fertilizer Industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Private Companies in Indian Fertilizer Market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Public Sector Companies in Indian Fertilizer Market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Major Players in Indian Fertilizer Fertilizer industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global Demand for Indian Fertilizer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Government Policies and Indian Market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Challenges before Indian Fertilizer Industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Concluding remarks on Indian Fertilizer Industry Posted by ICM IM

Priestleys Message in An Inspector Calls about the Welfare State :: essays research papers

J.B Priestley is the writer of the play 'An Inspector Calls'. The play is based in the period of 1912, however, it was in the year 1946 that he decided to get his message across: The importance of the welfare state. The First World War began in 1914 and the Second World War ended in 1945. Between these years, the world changed in many ways- there was a lot of time and money being spent on people thinking up ways to kill each other. The Russian Revolution also took place. (see the novel ?Animal Farm?, by George Orwell- which is created in a similar manner to ?An Inspector Calls?) This was an area where the Royal Family was abolished. Initially, there was democracy, then communism. The play is about the death of a young woman, called Eva Smith- her demise relates to a family of the early 20th century. Through this story, Priestley finds clever ways in which to diminish his audience, although the time lapse allows them to not take it too personally. J.B Priestley feels very strongly about the Welfare state, which is why he expresses his opinions and views, in a variety of ways. One, in particular, is through the main character, Inspector Goole. The Inspector is never wrong- in any of the situations that occur throughout the play- he is always right, and makes the other characters seem almost stupid if they do not agree with him. ?Don?t start on that. I want to get on That reflects off from the writer, Priestley, as being very determined to convey his message across to his audience. Sheila Birling is another character in ?An Inspector Calls? who also points this out during the play, ?You fool- he knows. Of course he knows. And I hate to think how much he knows that we don?t know yet. You?ll see. You?ll see.? Sheila is the daughter of a very proud man, named Arthur Birling. He is very opinionated, and shown as a typical figure of the time or 1912. J.B Priestley presents him to the audience, as obdurate and biased. We can see this, when he says ?And then she got herself into trouble there, I suppose This also tells us he is very unthoughtful, and he is the sort of person who is ignorant, and wouldn?t want himself to ?go down to someone else?s level?. Priestley is attempting to convey to his audience that Mr Birling needs to change, and not only Mr Birling, but the rest of the society that is comparable to him.