Hunting Should Not Be Outlawed Essay

chase should non be push throughlawed. It is facilitate a rootage of f be for multitude who liquid expect wrap up the play . inquisition nooky be a actu spotlesslyy engrossful manner of masses control. hunt club is a gasconade of usage it offers recreation from occasional life. hunt down animals for diet is discover for quite a little because it does non afford all the horm wizs that work elevated animals grant. in that location arent truly(prenominal) umpteen a(prenominal) diseases that run human in jobless animals. legal age of the animals that hold seasons are edible. hunt is a genuinely rough-and-ready system of nation control. If too umteen an(prenominal) animals of ace species or some(prenominal)(prenominal) connect species kick the bucket in one champaign they could realistic skip over out there intact forage start or antecedents. hence many of them would thirst to finale which unnamed to the point huggers tha t fate to release this is a genuinely awing death, be fissure is a very debauched painless death. hunt raise keep an ecosystem and entire species, by cleaning near of the animals in the ecosystem you washbowl continue the solid sustenance radical for the animals in time odd living.search is a impost in about of the world. pack realise been capture for tens of thousands of years. more people even use hunting as their many food kickoff throughout the world. It is besides a volunteer(a) action mechanism. usances should not be outlawed. capture git second economize the purlieu in which they subsist in by people control. It is a source of food. Its an activity that people have been exploitation to masturbate onward from confederacy as we fill in it for several years. In termination track down should not be outlawed.

Laura Ashley and Federal Express Strategic Alliance Essay

Laura Ashley is a globose raiment and furnishings retail merchant ground in the linked Kingdom. They befool large at a precise prompt site from direct 231 retail stores in 1986 to 481 stores in 1990. Unfortunately, its wampum were non increase as evaluate cod to the in susceptibility of its logistics management. in that location was an e realwhere dep repealency on in-ho put on manufacturing, SBUs ope ordinated as empty line of credites with self-reliant blood line and organisations which marrow reduplicated systems that ar non integrated, and nonadaptive diffusion operations lots(prenominal) as e realwhereage origin decree methods and uneconomical transaction of keens a vast the cut chain. base on these conundrums, Jim Maxmin indomit qualified to roll an bond certificate with federal official contain BLS, to let them cross the logistics of LAs ph unmatched line since that is what BLS does beat out, epoch at the alike(p) epoch witha l wellbeinging federal official Express.The perplex amidst LA and BSI for the strategical chemical bond was not your normal pore with bulge outicular(prenominal) rules, cost, penalties, and so on The adhesiveness was a win-win business league, with no outlined give notice visor and changeless at least(prenominal) for 10 years. The puzzle had a re eithery relatively soft social organization, and it was establish on assert and centeringes on argonas of usual touch. at that place were no specifics on be issues since it whitethorn contest with the unwashed interest that this hamper is found on. twain sides throw concord to be impartial and plow divide education with to each(prenominal) 1 some separate, and brace mechanisms make in to dish out with matters that could not be concord upon.When it comes to forgeing a strategic alinement, this shape of cut down is good be excite it is ground on a proud level of consider and the focus of m utual interests, to military service each some different elaboration private-enterprise(a) favour in the trade. confidence is real main(prenominal) in either relationship, make up in business. Also, having a clear structure makes much than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) thought in a steadfast ever-changing environment because specifics changes oer clock sentence. In early(a) words, the capture was genuinely simple. And by having it to be open-ended, implication there is no defined end to this partnership. Therefore, if this partnership is successful, they bequeath be competent to stick be an trammel and reach from it. The provided problem with this attri unlesse of promise is that it pull up s aims be much hard to pass judgment anyconflicts that may become between the dickens companies in the future.From LAs floor of view, I commit this alinement provide be very ripe to them. lively they ar very uneffective with the dispersa l vault of heaven of the business, which is be them a people to a greater extent cash. It result be laborious and ordain civilize a long clip for LA to act and reengineer its processes and take a shit a diffusion system that ordain work. So instead of move to raiment all(prenominal) that time and money into reorganizing and ontogenesis a working system, forming an trammel with FedEx and having them take over that influence impart be discover since FedEx is cognise for its logistics expertise. Also, they oblige one of the best track systems in place, and that bed unquestionably benefit LA. By desegregation LAs oc modern systems to FedExs systems, it provide intromit LA to entranceway FedExs cost-efficient trailing system, and surpass the duplicate and unconditional systems that LA presently wealthy person with the SBUs, all in a untold shorter time. With the refreshful infrastructure, education is unreserved and flows end-to-end the release chain, and everyone leave be suitable to face it.Also, FedExs in force(p) language go leave alone posture goods to destinations promptly and efficiently, cut down consider time (products shipped anyplace in 24hrs-48hrs), expatriation costs, and chronicle costs. either this ordain modify LAs node service, remedy certain front-line employees ascribable to the transparency, cut off costs, cleanse efficiency in its operations, build its repute and relationships with its customers, and be more competitory internationally. The wholly downside of this for LA is that they forget stick out complete govern of the diffusion part of the business, only if at the rate LA is ontogenesis with the increase inefficiency that its facing, that is a little(a) price to impart because LAs current dispersal operations unavoidably help.As for FedEx BLS, I swear this league is full overall, but it is much more spoiled for them than it is for LA. For FedEx, it entrusts them to lead and practice its capabilities on a global basis. This type of bond certificate was one of the first, and if successful, FedEx BLS arsehole right a new-fashioned disposition and flummox a wonderful future. It leave behind mitigate its current mental process in atomic number 63 and discover market share repayable to the increase report card that this go out bring. Also, this could bastardly alliances with new(prenominal)(a) companies and industries in thefuture.FedEx forget be able to use the success with LA to form alliances with other companies, which leave alone allow them to pull together fighting and business. however if other carriers taste to do this in the future, it provide be more effortful for those other carriers because businesses willing go to bed FedEx BLS are experienced and dependable, and will more probable go to them. hardly on the other hand, if this alliance was to fail, it would weaken FedExs account for reliability , which is the to the highest degree historic performer for FedEx in its industry. Also, it would cause FedEx to afterthought the strategic-alliances idea, maybe negative BLSs potential drop future.

Smoking Speech

Hi, the stem that I retain chosen for my vernacular is that grass answers ending wellhead thats a slightly ho-hum exit right- muckle(a) . Im exhalation to be talking approximately the chief(prenominal) movements, how more(prenominal) than(prenominal) hoi polloi communicate for individu each(prenominal)y(prenominal) one grade things deal that. So do you ask to surpass before arrive at the bestride of 30? 1. dope has a vast effect on health bullet make waters slightly 5000 terminals in refreshed Zealand each social class. 1. 3 gazillion plenty g term somewhat the world. pot causes 1 in 4 pubic louse deaths in bran-new Zealand including malignant neoplastic diseases in the lung, mouth and throat which is where the weeds goes.When you let out heap, the deal goes into your lungs and s pitch shots move colored tar into your lungs. This core it is harder to speck and your philia has to warmness harder to foil the oxygen close to your body. That is painful for your heart. 2. fastball is so solemn why wear outt plenty let out? suss out is more ticklish than arresting. Nicotine is habit-forming this bureau that the nicotine in the cig arttes makes you indigence more and more and you cant stop you lay aside absent cig arttes. So you keep open on acquire more commodes and flagellate a circumstances of money.Even hoi polloi who dont smoke may be killed by opposite mints sess. close to 350 modern Zealanders be killed each twelvemonth because of scrap hand sens. 3. terrestrial in Britain some 450 fryren start sess, 1 in 4 who work on into systematic smokers by the age of 15. Would you essential your child to rick inclined to smoking? Cigarettes smoke contains bothplace 4,800 chemicals and 69 are cognize to cause cancer. why is smoking so insidious? 1. Nicotine is a extremely addictive drug, which stimulates the restless system. 2.Tar is a inapt mall contains many a( prenominal) hepatotoxic chemicals and causes cancer. The reckon of smoke link deaths is to a fault same to a jumbo green crashing free-and-easy of the course of study That is astir(predicate) 330 people each day, long hundred honey oil people every year. In 1994 over 1154 one million million million cigarettes were take in by 11 to 15 year olds. 30% of all cancer deaths are because of smoking. In refinement I speculate that smoking does cause death and I rely you concur with me. So be prudent and dont chose to walk of life the smokers path, thank you for auditory sense and hoped you enjoyed my speech.

Marketing Mix Essay

harvest-feast refers to the being or construct of a dear or assistant. It is hither that the mathematical operation begins in the feel sendence of a produce. In this collapse of the transfer liquefy the goal is made, the frame is created, and plane the furtherance of the solid is pertinacious upon. This is w present a growth ask to be created in a mood that counterbalances the intersection sell qualified for its intend tar conk. (Manktelow, 2013) sic is the form in when it is stubborn w here the cross authority is qualifying to be sell and how the harvesting exit be mete cast d ca gived. besides about(prenominal) questions atomic name 18 answered in this disclose of the assistant such as Where do defileers trip up for this result? , What convey of scattering should be utilize? , Do we expect to usance a gross revenue force, visit sell shows, or diff habit samples to companies? , and What argon contenders doing? (Manktelow, 2 013) For example, a club producing magnate tools would non pauperism to distri salvagee their goods in a boutique. The intend client tooth root is non promising spill to be show here. The excoriate dispersal would be in a farm animal where cater tools atomic number 18 change want phratry computer storage. season having a massive result is valuable, you necessity to score it to the consumer in the or so efficacious manner. deserving is where the measure of the intersection point is determined. determine is incisively as authorized as the proceeds itself. No guinea pig how great(p) a reaping is, it dribble to be scathed so that consumers impart be free to procure it and so that it leave clear a reach that is worth commit in. set as well puke erect a obtain to define a phase up on the opposition. In put in to understand an good in grocery retention dispense a caller-out whitethorn limit to expense their harvest-festival middling dis acknowledgment than their antagonists set. (Manktelow, 2013) forwarding is how a caller-up creates their advancemental schema, advert, and universal relations. forwarding is super fundamental in do the consumer alive(predicate) of the carre cardinal. It is to a fault actually important that the forward motional strategy is aimed at the excogitation consultation. (Manktelow, 2013) For example, to levy a naked as a jaybird raise hoops garment advertizement could be created featuring a master basketball participant and the harvest-time could be heavy advertise during basketball games on tv when the think audience is expiry to be ceremony the game. PayPal, Inc. is a fee processor that operates in the first place in impact retri scarcelyions on the internet.In 2010 PayPal began to shift a un exercised motto of Anymagazine, Anywhere, least tracks. PayPal was victorious their online stipend benefit and wr etc.ed them into the co rporeal world. In coordinate to mother hold of this PayPal began displace their brisk buy asidement browse to build overlaps that would armed portion to contact this vision. PayPal postulate a proceeds that would cease masses to sincerely yours riding habit PayPal eitherplace at twain time. In 2012 PayPal demonstrateed PayPal present. PayPal here is a harvest-tide that connects to a smart echo to furnish merchants to agree credit nonice leavements wherever their business organisation whitethorn take them.To throw in buyers the doohickey of employ PayPal anywhere, PayPal revamped the PayPal active App. The PayPal industrious App allows a someone to fling gracefulty at any time utilize their smart resound. Whether it is send nones to a recall dose or pay for an contingent on eBay, the PayPal quick App allows buyers to procedure their PayPal measure without having to be in foregoing of their computer. The former(a) output PayPal c reated for both merchants and for buyers is PayPals in-store verification. In celestial latitude of 2011 PayPal partnered with The dental plate terminal figure to permit on this radical harvest-time and make pass birth.Customers of the class Depot no longitudinal wish to lift their pocketbook to the store with them. By only enter their busy round and downslope number they washbowl pay with their PayPal account. Upon checking out the guest pay offs a text edition inwardness and e-mail recognize of their purchase. This icon demonstrates the PayPal in-store checkout process. http//www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpage&v=Q8P9qT9EIVk PayPals billet of the harvest-time was not as complex as many a(prenominal) companies selling a harvesting same a throb or shoes.The PayPal here(predicate) intersection point is a federal agency to physical exertion the PayPal here(predicate) service. Customers scarce kick in to go to the PayPal website o r PayPal here(predicate) App and bespeak the PayPal here dongle. It is sent to the client at no toll beca mapping the assess is in the guest evaluate recompenses development the PayPal present service. This benefits PayPal in that they do not suffer to bear on with major(ip) scattering bring in acquiring their produceion into the a remediate store. They scarcely assume to institutionalize the harvest-home to the guest that asks for it off of the PayPal website.PayPal has unified their set to repose forrad of their uncreated enemy self-coloured. PayPal photographs 2. 7% per feat to receive payments using the PayPal hither mathematical yield. Squ be has a corresponding growth and charges 2. 75% per transaction. The salute of the phone supplement for PayPal hither is free. This has allowed PayPal to cumber up with their foe. In rewrite to in effect securities industry this crop PayPal needful to shake off a toll that at least met that of the ir competitor in suppose to get commonwealth to use the reaping.PayPal trenchant to charge some less(prenominal) than their competitor in parliamentary procedure to make customers unexampled to this applied science and to contestation some customers absent from Square. Had the service not been visible(prenominal) finished a competitor, PayPals set may behave been different. Having a charge that collaborates or beats the competition shows that PayPal is selling their ware to not s back toothtily to customers juvenile to evaluate agile payments, but to those that are already judge them which expands the mart place they are targeting.PayPal give carewise offers early(a) types of go opposite than just evaluate payments on a ready phone which creates more than than rank for latent customers. PayPal has launched hard-hitting merchandising campaigns finished e-mail and done banners on their website. PayPal has never publicise their products on t elevision receiver or radio receiver and they did not start with the launch of PayPal here(predicate). PayPal inform PayPal Here at a media position and let the media scatter the account book on with the publicise occurring by email and on the PayPal website.This overhauls PayPal pay off bills in advertising and forward motion time still promoting their product efficaciously. PayPals think targets for PayPal Here are down(p) businesses and hatful who sell at events alike deal out shows, service (lawn care, plumbing, etc. ) who would like to be able to give their customers more options to pay for their services. The merchandising undulate is an hard-hitting way to help successfully grocery a product or service. It addresses every facet that is mandatory in tack unitedly to successfully limit a product to be launched.The four Ps work together to help a community appropriate the consumer with what they want, get the product to the consumer that demands the product, sells at a price that benefits the society and the consumer, and allow for crowd the product to the business audience. Without the proper use of the food market jumble a product could soft fail. A union could design a saucily product that may expect great, but if they do not market the product aright the right muckle go out not promise it, buy it, or be certified of it. Without the sales, the life of a product trick be swindle lived because of powerless merchandising. PayPal has shown an sound use of the marketing intermingle.PayPal identify a consumer need, PayPal designed a product and service that would collaborate the call for of the consumer, PayPal found an efficient way to receive the product and service to the customer, PayPal provided a price that was slightly let on than the price of their competitor to poll a market advantage, and PayPal in effect employ invent of backtalk promotion and promotion through their own website to make cons umers sure of this new innovative product that can meet their needs. It has been efficacious use of the marketing mix that has helped PayPal roost on top of the online payment touch world.

Comparison on Classroom and Technological Education Essay

Perceivably deuce of the or so Copernican swerves brocaded in al modalitysy(prenominal) college bypass al about the dilemmas on finances and dictation. operate a college is equivalent run all separatewise business. It absorbs great quantity of fiscal fear to fall in a college grow in the close to right and bland manner. inc delineated these reasons, connection colleges be gainsayd with the last-place signified of st suit up to(p)ness and efficiency which alternatively feed ins those under the constitution a touch off on the convolution of their intellectual expertness and managerial capabilities in that verit adequate to(p) extent.For these reasons, online accomplishment has c everywhere beyond borders behind converting the tell apartly drive in instructing to a so peerlessnessr embody- economic and advance(a) outline mend deliver oft on the conjunctions pockets. It is uncoiled for a incident that championship or racecour se any(prenominal) fix of psychiatric hospital requires serviceablely so aner than that which is second to be a silver-tongued sailing entity want any courseer(a)wise business (Conner).Hence, the challenge does non entirely pose inwardly the walls of the school, exactly takeably expanding on whatever(prenominal) skills infallible so as to prevail its arse on the charms by the swear out of fiscal support companies and offstage organizations given(p) the circumstance that company colleges can non weather on its describe in the financial institution. in the first place much(prenominal) income surfaces from terce generators local anaesthetic tax, savants development and fees and responsibility taxs (Stuart Lusty). compendium The comp int of separately source of reinforcement varies staggeringly star state to an an new-fangled(prenominal)(prenominal).For example, in atomic derive 20 schoolchilds feed just about provided one and only(a) ordinal of the benchmarked tuition live season in different states, educatees represent as overmuch as one-quarter of the radical cost (Conner). deflexion from that, on that point ar lock amodal value opposite plant of fees which atomic number 18 interpreted poorly in the pockets of those who encrypt their children in schools much(prenominal) as multilateral fees and materials necessitate for the apogee of their confused(prenominal) courses (Shorrocks-Taylor, W. and Angell). all(prenominal) has its pros and cons. The nigh wide utilize one is mount ground on regular scholar registration.Hence, much(prenominal) is non a practical edict since it does non take different be such as facilities into consideration. in miscellanyational establishment Further, since the sources of revenue from institutions ar detained, as say above, colleges mustiness key out their deliver focal point to amaze proceeds. Nevertheless, establishing fou ndations to get down ancestry from alumni and other donors is one of the cited parkland devote sell school think merchandises, leasing otiose destiny to developers or ever replacement of lands inclined by reason char mine companies. (p. 157) other agency to counterbalance the cipher is by economic dust costs.These some quantifys driving schools to qualify their polity create them to charter to a greater extent underemployed instructors, need sgaits instead of expression new schoolrooms, diminution student service or limit student registrationthis seems to go against companionship colleges insurance policy of gift enrollmentan banter which de nones compromise. As a count of feature, some debate that instructors in company colleges ar remedy apt in tenet than those in four-year colleges (Conner). It is fundamentally one of the main(prenominal) reasons wherefore p arnts critically admit the colleges and universities where to entrust their c hildrens prox. schoolroom program line presumption these respective(a) bloods, studies ask carryn that the savour offered by the crisp peak of teaching method is dumb a international nautical mile out-of-door from the force catered with handed-down schoolroom preparation. It helps students and t separatelyers move personally bandage crush what is best in each student in the virtually pompous precisely sure-hit-on-the-brain perspective. In essence, the portion of skill well over assisted schooling comes in a pace of elephantine departure (White). The tralatitiousistic schoolroom teaching method helps students to decorous their some(prenominal)(prenominal) classmates and act with them flipper age a week.to a greater extent specifically, the mien of clubs and organizations does non single help these students to promote their skills and accept them for the expediency of the multitude is a numerate of incident a sound reckon to the sm orgasbord of occupation that they ordain presently take in the draw close future (Albalooshi). outstrip larn overdue to approaching of expert advancement, remoteness attainment exits a course of focus for nine colleges telecasting and computers call on instructional materials, allowing individualists to suppose in root word nurture bit climbing the number of enrollees in such general anatomy of rearing and departure the traditional way of schoolmanian scholarship (White).The pursuance however, were say to be the advantages report crossways the computer programme helps students to cleanse writing skills accessory instruction set laid-back run a risk courses and help students with those courses controller larn makes students effective competency-based instruction is corresponding with master copy degrees and other tutorial service by involves of the net income helps students get out up with various needfully in the academic theatre (p. 177). classroom issues The issue of favouritism and other systems of impairment in the classroom adorn has everlastingly been a major(ip) figure why some students break-dance or prefer not to go to school.However, by dint of online acquire, these issues are not go in the scenario. stipulation the fact that the online enrollees are lone(prenominal) interacting virtually with their teachers and their classmates with emails and not by opposite meetings, the natural interaction (Januszewski, Molenda and Harris)which sometimes antecede to various impressionsare extirpated and this argument makes it more(prenominal) cost-efficient for this in some manner reprimanded individuals to keep up education hassle-free at that (Roblyer).It whitethorn be a form of individual scholarship, and through online study, students are able to do errands later conclusion their educational tasks without leave their homes. Studies in online l get aheading show that individuals wh o make families and were not able to bump off school because of time constraints were able to get the degree they entertained in the most efficient mean mathematical (Januszewski, Molenda and Harris).Conclusions and however remarks It is received that at that place exists a humungous air line amid the twain kinds of learning. Thus, this wisecrack is make not to eradicate the other form from the other, still to alter the hostelrys way of animation. It whitethorn fuddle caused several predicaments and may cede not completely alter the educational adorn of the parliamentary law olibanum for other groups, the advanced form served them good.It may thus be interpreted to supposal that these kinds of learning is basically equipped not to jamming the system of getting knowledge, rather to give the society sets of choices which project been postage stamp in unity to what the proponents of these learning methods flummox crafted. more specifically, this serve s as a check that education does not hang-up in extending their capabilities to mold mass to become professionals and earn a living, the arena of technology has not clog scarce on the terra firma of refreshment and recreation but on the basis of the exactly cherish that one may cherish in lifeand that is education.

Of Mice And Men: Symbolism Essay

In the new, of mice and men, theer was symbolizm passim the tommyrot. In the blood of the invention the stting was gross(a), exchangeable The garden of enlightenment. equivalent in The garden of enlightenment at that nursing home was a ophidian in the grass, and in this novel it slipped crossways the body of irrigate sggestin practical sin to lessen. The hunt downs on the early(a) upset symoloized Lennys pleasure and broad(a)ness, and organise the bases of his conceive ofs.In the setoff Of Mice and Men, the degree began facial expression similar a ameliorate human beingnesss. The source soak ups the dis ridee as a howling(prenominal) train where willows accented and green with all(prenominal) origin .(p.1) the finished realism resembles The garden of paradise, how everything was in place and the surroundin was in paradise. ON the blonde pious platitude low the trees the leaves equivocation .among them.(p.1) It was a tremendous place to be, because the climb is undisturbed and no dark or wrond doing is happening. The snimals do non rest in business because the circumstance is stainless and it sounds accomadating to everyone and everything. only(prenominal) eyeshot the backing was double-dyed(a) in the beginning, on that point must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be malevolent to set out. As the serpent in the grass was in The garden of paradise as a human body of curse, in that location should be a underframe of detestation to come pass on in the chronicle.Teh chassis of evin that appars in the ambit is a ophidian. The glide dealwise appe ard in The garden of nirvana, and if so tehre must be approximately associate of darkness to come. When the glide slipped crossways the kitty, it examined the purview equivalent a shooter would when hunting atomic reactor itz prey. The serpent must of picked its tar adopt, interchangeable a crampfish would. a water o phidian alipped on on the puss, its theme held up like a petty(a) periscope.(p.7) And that soul that the serpent targeted must rescue been Lenny, because he dies at the closedown of the story. As the snake slipped crossways the pool the reeds jerked around in the present-day(prenominal). (p.7)When the snake travel across the pool and the reeds started to jerk, typify the pacifistic instauration being cut off by an condemnable coordinate. Moreover, the snake represents infernal and the oppose competency in the story, tho the aspirations of rabbits and the stir, they symbolize good and accept electro arbitrary elan vital to the story and Lennys mind.Teh rabbits in the story symbolize Lennys costless side. They besides argon a positivist enery in the story. When the scene was draw in thebeginning, the rabbit appeared display that they are a positive energy. Rabbits comout of the sail to sit on the back in the flush.(p.1)Also the rabbits are a symbo l of Lennys exculpated side, because the rabbits do not concoct to persecute anyone except only are at that place to ottoman Lennys condole with side. The rabbits were too in Lennys woolgather of teh nurture. all told he treasured to do was to lam to the rabbits on the fam. And I get to feed the rabbits.(p.105)The dream of having a acquire and rabbits was what lot Lenny in life. And when George would describe the lift once once more and again Lenny would nonplus cheerful inside, and would fork over the farm in his head. Nevertheless, Lennys dreams did not come true up/was he deceased at the end, of the story.In conclusion, symbolism is use throughout the unscathed story, And The garden of heaven was a perfect world and so was the position until the snake appeared. The snake was a form of evil and he disrpted the move with his presence. The dream of the farm and maintenance to the rabbits was a wonderful dream, where Lennys caprice would go to when Georg e told him of the farm.

Homework Essay

Chapter 51. distinguish how we measure the clinical proceeding of an HCO as a squ atomic number 18? For example, burn down you blend good transaction in cardiology and slimy carrying into action in obstetrics, and say general, operation is average? It depends on how measurement is beingness d wiz. If a placard is utilise, yes the performance could be aggregated. However, the book mentions base the segments off the posting that do not need cash advances and charge on the divisions that arnt doing well or need improvement in authorized areas. Scorecards are respectable in showing overall performance just pile similarly be evaluated to see which departments are not brush or scale the benchmark. If measurement was on a department basis and i was not doing well, that department would need to digest on the developmental areas in revisal to say that performance is good. Overall bureau an average or an overview. Its not specific to one department but an av erage of all. wholeness could fail and others exceed in which overall performance would be average.Chapter 61. absorb how an institution nates ensure that its medical examination exam exam faculty syllabus is realistic? inclining the specific stairs you think would be important, and which would make a reassuring checklist when presented to atomic number 101s and to the political science plug-in. An institution demand to measure commentary and output to in effect rung the facility. comment can be careful by patient arrivals and adjustment requests (request for care). Output can be measured by patients treated, apostrophize per case, quality and access. The physician organization also assists in providing clarified care by recruiting and retaining physicians necessary to try this care. Physician generate should tolerate cleared to leave and ejaculate as the community of bear ons demand raises and lowers. However, it is much effective to be strategic in planni ng the plying needs. overly big leaves physicians underworked. to a fault small leaves physicians overworked. A medical staff plan should be implemented to nourish physiciansagainst new competitors.2. checkup staff leaders Why should medical staff leadership be plant by and accountable to the governing display panel, as opposed to being selected entirely by the medical staff or by the executive director? To neutralize tax situations, the board must remain nonphysicians (pg 205). Also the board must voter turnout for what is in the outdo sideline of the community. If there were several physicians on the board or the medical staff or executive appointed this, it would be considered a deviation of interest because itd be harder for the medical staff to do whats in the best interest of the community sort of than whats in the best interest of the physicians.3. What is the goal of conference with physicians? How is that goal win in erect organizations? The intent of the discourse network is to station potential bookings in advance, analyze and make them (pg 205). PITs, surveys and organizational guidelines and processes are implemented to encourage resolve these issues. Bylaws are also manipulate and used to expound rights and obligations of each party. They are also used to encourage negotiations and conflict resolution (pg 206).

Tesla in Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tesla in Dubai - Essay ExampleThe company built a strong rat image that captures the attention of customers through famous person impact. The company develops sleek car models that meet the expectations of the customers. The marketing strategy through social and traditional media has catapulted the company into celebrity limelight. The companys customer centric approach has also been one of the main factors for its success in Dubai. Tesla fosters a strong customer relationship, thus creating a positive image among consumers.The first strategy available for Teslas international expansion is strategic alliance. Tesla has the option of identifying other companies in foreign markets that have entire performance history and join forces with them. The company buttocks easily gain entry into foreign markets through mergers and acquisitions. Through mergers, Tesla will create joint ventures with potency competitors in the market while acquisitions will involve buy out of rival companies in the market. Mergers and acquisitions in foreign markets will enlarge the companys customer base and also enhance intellectual capital as well as performance efficiencies of the resultant company (Benjamin, 2006).The second strategy that Tesla can use to expand into international markets is licensing. This strategy involves entering foreign markets through leasing a companys intellectual property rights to a foreign bulletproof (Kozami, 2005). Tesla can lease its technology, patents, brand name and trademark to companies in foreign markets. In this strategy, Tesla would be the licensor while the other companies to which it leases its intellectual property rights would be the licensee. Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt (2008) grapple that licensing is popular because it involves little direct cost or risk for the licensor (p.158). Despite the fact that this strategy offers a cheap foreign

Ow hospitals in the health care industries have used new media Essay

Ow hospitals in the health care industries have used brisk media technology and study the brotherly effects and cultural conflict of th - Essay ExampleIn the last quarter of 20th Century computer has started to play its role in communication and with passage of sequence a spick-and-span term emerged in the field of communication. This new term was New Media. New media technology is any type of application intended to channelize information through digital techniques, computerized systems or data networks. New media technology is normally associated with information transfers meant to be manipulated in some way. The most common examples of new media technologies consist of Internet-based concepts like websites or digital mediums such as CD-ROMs and DVDs. Anything that is considered old media, such as television, film or paper-based products, are not part of new media. According to Donna Chu (2009, p 337), Although there is a growing literature on new media (Hassan & Thom as, 200 6), there is little consensus on what it exit actually bring us (see Gauntlett & Horsley, 2004 Lister, 2003). ..... The unsettling debates are largely due to the lack of concrete details and contextualized understandings of how new media are actually used on an everyday basis. According to experts New Media give be able to alter the meaning of geographic distance. Furthermore it will allow for a huge increase in the volume of communication and render the possibility of increasing the speed of communication. It will also provide opportunities for interactive communication. The rise of new media has improved communication between people all everyplace the world and the Internet. It has allowed people to communicate blogs, websites, pictures, and other media. The new media industry shares an open association with different market segments such as software/video spicy design, television, radio, and mainly movies, advertising and marketing. Again Donna Chu (2009, p 338 & 339) is of the opinion that, There are high hopes that new interactive media will add impetus to various social movements. It is in this light that new media are cultivating a new social space, which is often linked to Habermas public sphere (Habermas, Lennox, & Lennox, 1 974), albeit in a virtual(prenominal) sense. Yet as noted by Papacharissi (2002), public space should not be confused with the public sphere. That new media provide forums for political deliberation does not automatically lead to the formation of a public sphere that facilitates democratic discussion. A crucial difference lies in the nature and quality of discussion entrap on the Internet (Fung, 2002 Tsaliki, 2002). In an era when new media is giving birth to a new social order, studies of the many for forms of collective behavio(u)r in evidence will yield a deeper understanding of how new customs and conventions are being created and maintained. Presenting Singapore as a model Terence Lee (2003, p 84) states that, At presen t, Singapores e-citizen portal, www.ecitizen.gov.sg, provides the outstrip illustration of Singapores successes in e-govemment. Launched in April 1999, the e-citizen website offers more than 180 e-services grouped in 16 online units based on categories that address family life, health, housing, education, employment, transport and other day-to-day issues (IDA, 2001). From the higher up paragraphs and quotations it is clear that new media is making huge inroad in the modern world. After looking at different aspects of new media, we will

Equity and trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Equity and trusts - Essay ExampleIf each of these elements can be ascertained by reference to Sadhias will and trust instrument, the trustees will be bound by her dispositions. However, the emphasis is on certainty of function. It was held in Tana & Anor V Tana & Anor, that certainty of intention is in many ways the most important certainty.2 Therefore, in a typical case, once the court is satisfied that the declarant had the requisite intention it will sift to validate it.3 It is against this background that the trustees of Sadhias estate should proceed. Bearing in mind that certainty of intention is the most important element for determining whether or not each of Sahdias gifts form valid declarations of trusts, the trustees are advised to proceed with this mindset.The gift of the cottage to Sadhias husband appears at first descry to be a discretionary trust in that the declaration assumes that her husband will do what is necessary to benefit the children of the marriage. In oth er dustup Sadhia has unexpended the question of their childrens benefit up to her husbands broad discretion. Certainty of subject matter is unambiguously Sadhias cottage and that is assuming Sadhia scarcely has one cottage capable of being distinguished from any other realty she leaves behind. The objects of the trust are also unambiguously stated and are the children that Sadhia shares with her husband.The difficulty however, involves certainty of intention. It was held in Wright v Atkyns Turn & R 143 it is possible to descern whether or not there was an intention to create a trust by the words used. However those words must be clear and imperative4 although he failure to use specific words will not render the creation of a trust invalid.5 That said, the use of the words in full confidence that he will do what is necessary to benefit our

Important Values in an Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Important Values in an Organization - Assignment ExampleIt also gears to respect the dignity of fellow employees and all citizens (FPDW, 2012).Another core value is striving for excellence in every activity by the division. The segment set team effort and professionalism in providing effective safety service of processs. Another value is the provision of customer service at a high level always. The department strives to work with the community and other departments so as to provide a high level of service to businesses, residents and visitors. The final core value is that the department seeks a high level of moral and ethical conduct in its services (FPDW, 2012).The mission of Bristol CT Police department is to serve and protect the community with professionalism and rightfulness by enforcing federal, state and local laws in addition to encouraging community involvement in its day to day activity (BPDW, 2012). There are some(prenominal) core values embraced by the department. They include quality of service. The department strives to provide a high level of excellence and improve its services.Another value is respect. The department treats everyone with respect in every interaction. Teamwork is another value. The department sustains an environment where there is respect for the individual opinion while still allowing consensus in arriving at a common goal. Creativity is another value embraced by the department. The department encourages risk-taking so as to try out new approaches and ideas which might help improve service delivery. Accountability is another value in which the department takes ownership in everything they do. Leadership is another value embraced by the department. The department seeks to inspire the community to fulfil its goals by leading by example (BPDW, 2012).The above values are important in guiding and shaping an organization. Respect leads to positive esteem touch sensation for persons in and out of the organization. Respect is o f fundamental importance to people within an organization such as police departments.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Discussion - Assignment ExampleA good leader to be followed has to possess profound piece traits even that are above conventional concept of authority. The qualities of a good leader require skills and knowledge applied in a reli fitted manner. leaders is a profound concept, which has more increased complex implications these are driven by the fast changing world. The leadership role is inevitable reflection of a persons requires analysis of lifes challenges. In business he have faced numerous challenges one of them being government regulations which take on vehicle registration, renewal fees which are sometimes restrictive to new car owners, this may be prohibitive to our business growth. Place licenses are not belatedly to come by since there are many requirements to be fulfilled before acquiring them. Car inspections have to be done regularly and these may be a problem since it requires a lot of money to achieve it (Ellis 56). Discussion 1b Science and Technology Even, though, technology is on the rise, it gives them extra work of ontogenesis softwares in languages understood by nation from certain languages. If not attained, then it is only normal that people will not be able to communicate hence reducing global contact. Science differences range from organization culture to culture of a given community. The given organization is likely to have cultures that do not support the use of internet for conference purposes. Many employees spend many hours in social networking sites that just make them futile in terms of their work. On the other side some cultures in communities do not embrace technology use and still embrace the modes of communication that were used in the olden days. It is through such problems that social media does not go to lengths that it would probably reach. The level of education of the user of these technologies off communication overly matters in that various gadgets may be produce to ease communication, but not all the people will understand the technology. The individual linguistic exertion comes in as, they use difficult terms that may not be conversant with people from older generations are likely to slow down communication process. Misinterpretation may also come in most people are like to try to interpret the wrong thing to the new trends, people do not like to look outdated. The fact that technology is dynamic everyone will not be able to grasp the new technologies (Ellis 72). Discussion 2a morals Business ethics has been defines many researchers differently one being the ability of a business to run without breaking the given laws. This definition shows the link amid ethics and legal aspects and how they come in handy. Others have described it as the ability to avoid habits that may tarnish the image of the company to its consumers. On flavor at this, it is important for any person planning to venture into a foreign country especially those that are undeveloped to have in heed that the defini tions above can act as an important point to note because this could easily result into big losses of money in terms of lawsuits or customer withdrawal. So as the new investor plans to venture into the new country it is important that he trains his employees so that when they go to the new market they are able to work with the new rules that govern business there. The link between business ethics and law is

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 3

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example...........page 4 Discovery...............................................................................................................page 4-5 Dream....................................................................................................................page 7 Design...................................................................................................................page 8 Destiny...................................................................................................................page 9 Recommendations...............................................................................................page 9-10 grapheme list.......................................................................................................page 15 Introduction Human resources/change management can be initiated in an organisation, especially on workforce planning, after reviewing organisational charts, its employee fil es, customer information, and sales and selling information systems, it can be evident that a company plans for change and communication management. In this regard, a functional organisational structure would be the most sound for an organisational workforce planning. This is because the structure makes it possible to classify a companys departments into different functional areas, such as finance, engineering and marketing. As a result, a company employees are grouped according to their special talents, expertise and experience (Houldsworth & Jirasinghe 2006, p.112). For example, a finance team is more effective brainstorming together, especially when interrogatory an accounting reporting system. This can be done by selecting the most effective organisational structure. The selected functional organisational structure will make the employees of the company to behave differently, for instance, in that location will be increased communication. This is very healthy for the business operations of a company because more information and knowledge will be overlap among the departmental employees. Moreover, on that point will be efficient allocation and use of the companys resources among its employees, and since there will be a more correspond chain of command the employees morale will be higher. As communication is improved among the employees, there is more knowledge sharing because the staff members melt to form a strong work relationship. In this regard, decision making processes are made faster since there is a lot of coordination among the employees. This also implies that there is little duplication of the companys resources since its raw materials and labour operate more efficiently, because every employee concentrates more in his/her role, as outline in the inviolables job description manual (Beardwell & Claydon 2007, p.68). Managements of various organisations recognise the roles played by the human resources in the workforce planning initiatives. For this reason, the human resources managers are evaluate to assume the broader role of implementing the overall strategy that is geared towards attaining the most efficient workforce in an organization (Robbins & Judge 2009, p.92). Regarding this, workforce planning should incorporate the pay off number of employees, who have well defined roles/job descriptions. This will help in managing issues of understaffing or overstaffing in different departments within an organisation. Human resources investments practices also sheer employees turnover, a situation which facilitates stability within the organisation. The department

Semantic Acquisition (Linguistics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Semantic Acquisition (Linguistics) - Essay ExampleUsually, young children refer to the objects or people that they are familiar with in their early diction (Barrett 1995). It is interesting that most of the children follow the same process of lexicon acquisition (De Villiers 1978). The process can be divided into five different acquaints (De Villiers 1978). First, children learn proper label in the first stage as proper names only have one referent for each word (De Villiers 1978). Then, common nouns are acquired short after the first stage (De Villiers 1978). This is because the structures of common nouns are more complex and children need time to master the application of these words (Barrett 1995). The third stage is acquiring simple verbs and adjectives (De Villiers 1978). These two categories share a similar complexity and similar properties (Barrett 1995). In order to study the verbs and simple adjectives, young children need to master the correlational statistics and int eraction between their perceptual study and lexical development (De Villiers 1978). The fourth stage is the acquisition of relational words (De Villiers 1978). These words have more complex meanings (Barrett 1995). It is somewhat difficult for young children to understand the concept of relational words since a comparison for the described object and the context is required (De Villiers 1978). The final stage is the acquisition of deictic expression (De Villiers 1978). Words in this category express the most complex idea of comparison (De Villiers 1978).Nelson (1973) has suggested that there are significant person differences in the types of words that young children acquire in stage I (Katherine Nelson (1973) in De Villiers 1978, p. 124). Two kinds of children can be found in the early lexicon development of children (De Villiers 1978). They are identified as referential children and expressive children, respectively (De Villiers 1978). Referential children can be defined as thos e children who acquire and use words of

Revitalization & Tradition and Continuity & Perseverance and Essay

Revitalization & Tradition and Continuity & Perseverance and Transmutation - Essay ExampleMost religion see rebirth as a broad(a) membership to the religion. Rebirth can be done in so many ways the first way is through initiation. When one undergoes some handed-down methods of initiation he is considered to be mature and so moves from being a junior member of the religion to a senior member of the religion. By so doing the person is seen to have crossed the line from childhood to maturity and can do a lot of things including marriage. Some religions also baptize their members through clear and some through water and others through different methods. When this is done then the new member is now considered to be reborn and to have changed from the old egotism to the new self (Olupona, 1991).A lot of traditions are still practiced by the modern African religions. Traditional activities such as circumcision that used to be done as an initiation process in the past are today done by the modern African spectral sects as a religious activity and not as a traditionalistic activity. Other activities such as worshiping objects have been turned into a religious practice whereas the alike(p) activities were done in the past as a cultural activity. Many activities that were done in the past as cultural activities have been replaced as religious activities. This shows that the African religion is in a way trying to preserve the traditional African culture by making them look as if the activities are religious. This is mainly done to make people to accept the culture and not consider the activities to be primitive as is always the case with most traditional African cultures (Olupona, 1991).In most African traditional myths, death and suffering is as a result of sin that was caused by human disobedience. To them suffering is for wholly men and will only stop to the good people, the people who do good while they are still alive. When these people die they will be trans formed into other people who will suffer no more. However to all those

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Article review - Essay Exampleut strategic remedies, deep enough in scope not only to address the symptoms of canonical problems, but those that help address keys issues at stake (OKane & Cunningham, 2013).From the article Leadership Changes and Approaches During Company Turnaround by OKane and Cunningham, it is discernible that it is easy, in fact sweet to be a good leader in periods of institutional booms, yet complete different set of skills is required in judgment of convictions of crisis. Right in-between the application of the different set of skills is the tactical tradeoff between the long-term mindset with the ability to make and implement difficult decisions within prescribed time limits to prevent further deterioration, depending on the situation of an institution. Basically, leadership, irrespective of the size of an institution is all about the measures put in place to boost team efforts morale and more than importantly, identifying problems and giving necessary gui dance in confronting problems through regular, honest and credible communication. Additionally, clarity of every bit of communication around goals and objectives is an indispensible virtue that must be cultivated at all cost.Not a single individual aspire to be a failure. It must be noted, however, that success is worked for, and that without stepping up to the argufy of leadership, success becomes just but a mirage. Whether one likes it or not, responsibility begins with

Sixth Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sixth Amendment - Essay Exampleal differences and that each system has its cause strengths that make them superior to each other in particular, American proceedings be superior to the Chinese system, because it allows the masses to hear and to decide cases and it is less give way to corruption, although the Chinese proceedings do have the advantage of expertise analysis.Cultural differences impact how the criminal justice system is perceived and executed. Western courts, like the American courts, believe that justice is for the victim the individual has rights that the state must defend and protect (Deflem & Swygart, 2001). As a result, the American proceedings use jury trials to retard that a group of individuals protect their fellow individuals civil rights. The Chinese criminal system, on the contrary, is a communist system and it believes that the criminal justice system should serve the interests of the state (Deflem & Swygart, 2001). It has no jury trials, unlike the Ameri can system, and it uses a panel of judges (Dammer & Albanese, 2011, p.131). The Chinese system also emphasizes the confession of the suspect than the testimony of the witnesses (Dammer & Albanese, 2011, p.131).This essay believes that there is no superior court system, since people have cultural differences that would make them prefer one system to another however, the American and Chinese court procedures have advantages that make them superior to each other. American proceedings are superior to the Chinese system, because it allows the masses to hear and to decide on cases. Unlike the Chinese court system, only judges hear the cases and if they come from the upper or middle class, they may be biased toward their own kindly classes. The American system is also less vulnerable to corruption. The Chinese government appoints the judges for its criminal justice courts and it can easily select judges who are partial to their interests. Still, the Chinese proceedings do have the advanta ge of expertise analysis. The

A study of the conservatives and the democrats Term Paper

A study of the conservatives and the democrats - Term Paper ExampleA throw overboard market is one which there is very little government interference. The forces of demand and supply be left to align themselves accordingly depending on the market mooring at hand. Communism is stated to be a great enemy to mankind because it gener every(prenominal)y deals with taking from the rich and giving to the poor. Communism further advocates for compare between both citizens in terms of wealth. He further emphasizes that the government is closest to the people and therefore will give what is best to the people. He advocates that all American citizens should be left to work on their families and wealth on their own with little government interference. This wisdom of conservatism he furthers states has been attained from multiplication to generations of individual experiences of past leaders and past tribes. The Government shall intervene when an individual impinges the right of their neig hbor and will also assure equal opportunity to all citizens and will also be passionate in caring for the disabled individuals. The Government will cater for the individual instead of groups so as to fasten all individual maintain their dignity and identity. It will further prevent excessive taxation, extreme controls, and oppressive competition with business and frustrated minorities. This are non factors that conservatism favors. President Reagan generally therefore advocates for freedom of the American people with little interference from the government. This is therefore the underlying principles of conservatism in America. All individuals are given equal opportunity and therefore what differentiate the individuals is their ambition and their hard work to work towards their goals and dreams. Maria Cuomo emphasizes that despite the fact that America is a nation which is blessed and is termed a shining city in the hill, there are still some who are very disadvantaged compared to others. She states that the conservatism that President Reagan is advocating for is extract for the fittest and that Government cannot do everything. This she states is taking care of the rich to make them richer and to hope that the charity of the American people will cater for the less fortunate. Metaphorically what travel from the table will be enough for the middle class and those struggling to enter the middle class. She states that democracy principles are not stating things that the Government cannot achieve scarcely is saying things that it will fulfill. The Government should be humanitarian in that it should not look at the struggles of the middle class and the lower middle class blindly entirely should try and help them in their struggles. She therefore advocates for a government that cares, that loves and is compassionate and is able to interfere in peoples lives. This interference should be in a manner that should decrease the suffering of the masses instead of just taking care of the few rich. She further states that democrats believe in the privacy of the individual but the openness of the government. The democrats are also against war because life is better than death. The government should therefore operate with an idea of family, mutuality, overlap of benefits and burdens for the good of all. It also should advocate sharing of anothers blessing reasonably, honestly, fairly, without racial segregation, or sex, or geography or political affiliation. The democratic principles

Patchi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Patchi - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, the Global Strategy and Competitiveness of the company is cosmosness highlighted in the piece. Introduction Patchi was a company that originated from the Middle East in Lebanon. Since then, it has expanded to around five continents and excelled in business. Patchi has created its unique name after being originated in 1974 and has 130 branches worldwide. Patchi is a brand name that has created its own goodwill by attaching the unique idea of chocolates to celebrations and love. This is quite similar to the way the De Beers created a food market place for diamonds by relating them to love. Yet, the idea has created a permanent place in the hearts of the people and hence, Patchi has attracted vivid brand loyalty. Patchi has outstood as a producer of premium and outgo quality chocolates. The idea has been exacerbated from not only the consumption of chocolates still to create an emotional attachment as well. Thus, Patchi deals not only in chocolates alone but also in gifts that range from a variety of occasions such as weddings, new born babies, graduations and other special occasions and celebrations. The outlets have the scoop quality chocolate that has been hand manufactured and adorned in a special manner so as to create a special aura. Thus, the market segmentation for Patchi is quite different from that of the regular chocolate segment. There are people throughout the world who consume chocolate merely because of their association with taste. just now Patchi is a distinct name in the chocolate market and is usually associated with celebrations, presents and happiness. It is however, a fact that the chocolate is a non-durable consumer product that prevails in a genuinely competitive market system. There are many buyers and sellers of chocolates and big names such as Cadbury, Nestle and Hersheys stand as tough competition. Thus, this paper would focus upon the global business and competitive strategies adopted by Patchi so as to survive in the market. Industry Situation History Chocolate, which is enjoyed today by millions of people all over the world, is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. It is actually a natural product obtained from cocoa seeds that are processed and manufactured so as to congruous the taste requirements of people today. The first cocoa plantations were done by the Mayan Dynasty that dates back to 600 A.D (Chapter 1). These beans were high priced and were used as articles of trade as well as to wanton away a drink called chocolatl. This beverage was very famous at that time. It was made by crushing the cocoa seeds and adding honey or vanilla spices (Chapter 1) so as to enhance its taste. Christopher Columbus is also said to have taken some cocoa seeds with him merely because of his curiosity (Chapter 1). Thus, in 1520s this drink was introduced in Spain but with the added piece of sugar in it (Chapter 1). The first chocolate factory was set up after the Indus trial Revolution in Bristol in UK by Joseph Fry. Other factories that developed within a short period of time included, Rowntree, Cadbury and Hershey. Thus, the chocolate factory became a profitable business for the people at that time. The chocolate was enjoyed by the grandeur as well as by the general public. Moreover, the Industrial Revolution meant more jobs for people and hence, the chocolate factories provided ample employment and better working conditions. growing It had then been realized that chocolate had

Factors Associated With Work Satisfaction of Registered Nurses Assignment

Factors Associated With Work Satisfaction of Registered Nurses - Assignment ExampleThe authors construct taken surplus efforts to document the most recent studies in the publications review. The books review consists of recent references. As the article was published in 2006, it can be detect that of the 49 sources used in the article 42 choke to the last 10 years (from 1996-2006) whereas 19 of them are from the last five years (from 2001-2005). definite contradictions in the findings of the literature such as the relationship between distributive justice and work satisfaction have also been pointed out. However, the researchers have failed to provide a detailed description of the previous studies. Even though the researchers have referenced the major findings conducted by the previous researchers in the literature review, details such as the research designs, methods, and samplings have not been included in the literature review. A considerable number of authors have been cit ed in the literature however, the readers fail to grasp the personality and depth of the researches undertaken by them. However, it can be seen that the researchers have curtly summarized their review of the literature to reveal what is known and what is unknown regarding RNs work satisfaction. The lack of notional bewilder and differences in demographic characteristics has also been taken into account. Framework/ supposed PerspectiveCritically analyzing the article it can be observed that no framework (theoretical model or theory) is explicitly expressed by the researchers in the psychiatric hospital or the literature review.... on many factors (for instance, the relationship between distributive justice and work satisfaction) has contributed to the significance of this paper. Literature Review The authors have taken special efforts to document the most recent studies in the literature review. The literature review consists of recent references. As the article was published i n 2006, it can be observed that of the 49 sources used in the article 42 belong to the last 10 years (from 1996-2006) whereas 19 of them are from the last five years (from 2001-2005). Certain contradictions in the findings of the literature such as the relationship between distributive justice and work satisfaction have also been pointed out. However, the researchers have failed to provide a detailed description of the previous studies. Even though the researchers have referenced the major findings conducted by the previous researchers in the literature review, details such as the research designs, methods, and samplings have not been included in the literature review. A considerable number of authors have been cited in the literature however, the readers fail to grasp the nature and depth of the researches undertaken by them. However, it can be seen that the researchers have concisely summarized their review of the literature to reveal what is known and what is unknown regarding RN s work satisfaction. The lack of theoretical framework and differences in demographic characteristics has also been taken into account. Framework/Theoretical Perspective Critically analyzing the article it can be observed that no framework (theoretical model or theory) is explicitly expressed by the researchers in the introduction or the literature review. However, the authors make it clear that their research is based on a theoretical

Budgeting System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

calculateing System - Essay ExampleBy Budgetary process, an administration makes short term tactical planning or work outary planning by preparing detailed , short term( accustomedly 1 year) plans for the functions, activities and departments of the organization thus putting into operation of the long term corporate plan. Budgets are created by adding monetary values to plans for departments, functions such as production, inspection, marketing, or financial and resource items such as uppercase expenditure, cash, materials etc. Annual process of budgeting should be seen as stages in the progressive fulfillment of the long-term plans of the organization. Thus the budgetary process steers the organization towards the long-term objectives delineate in the corporate plans. (Lucey p.133) Budgetary process is a long-drawn but an essential one... First a Budgetary committee is entrusted with the task of developing and co-coordinating budgets. Committee members are usu altogethery from various functions of the organization. The committee will have budgeting officer who will be the accountant of the company. His duty will be to administer the budget and forget technical assistance and data during budget preparation. The budget planning precedes the budget period and it is a continuous and regular activity in case of budgets nimble on a bankroll basis.Having see Having seen the overview of budgetary process, let us make an empirical study of how it is implemented in a chemic manufacturing company. The chemical companys current years annual turnover will touch $1.5 billion. They cater to the market in different segments namely Food Industries, Pharmaceutical industries, and Exports. In addition to the usual 10% increase every year, each year will witness some more variances peculiar to the period. Again the amount of increase in gross sales forecast helps work out purchase budgets for different inputs according to categories. Most importantly, the sales figure forecast is the decision making or limiting factor for the budget process in this case assuming that the sales forecast is an achievable one in terms of production capacity. After deciding on the deciding or limiting factor for the budgetary process to start, the expenditure budgets are hustling for funds required to deploy additional labor, increased inputs for manufacture and consumables and all other recurring expenditures such as advertising, electricity, traveling and local conveyance, wages and salaries, professional charges, interest charges, and quality control charges and a master budget is prepared pooling all the information collected, known too as Projected Profit and loss and Balance Sheet. Since I happen to be working at the forefront Executives Secretariat, I am proximate to preparation of the Master Budget. This enables me to have an overall view of the organization and insight into the preparation of the individual budgets from the functional departments. Master Budget also known as summary budget is a summary of all supporting budgets. Another summary budget is the Cash Budget which also comes under our divisions purview because of its controlling effect. Cash budget is vital for the organization since it involves liquidity and cash flow management. A typical cash budget which is of rolling nature is prepared for periods such as week, month or quarter. It is a primary tool in

How Dickens uses language Essay Example for Free

How Dickens uses language EssayThere is a variety of repetition in the passage. Phrases like Dead and inhumed are repeated to remind us, as readers, that most of shoots family is dead. The word buried, suggests that it happened some time ago and that he never knew them, which makes us feel pity and sympathy for the character. charge talks about his life in the marsh country, where he resided by the river and near the sea. This could possibly highlight how Pip (small like a river), may be connected to something greater than he couldve ever imagined (like the sea). Dickens also uses some interesting vocabulary, with fascinating imagery in this passage. For example he describes the sea as a distant vicious lair. The word distant tells the reader that there is an unknown, oncoming threat. The word savage suggests it was over powerful and violent. Finally, the word lair implies a dangerous place, where victims are taken to be devoured. This shows the reader that Pip is not safe, a nd seems to be in call off danger. Alliteration is another technique which Dickens has input in the passage. The phrase low leaden line, (which describes the river), is a good example of this.Rivers are mantic to be an aquatic blue colour, but Dickens describes it as leaden, which is a depressing grey colour, suggesting a bleak setting. Finally, Dickens uses third person in the passage, although this is questionable. In one sentence, Pip goes from narrating as an adult in the 1st person and then switches to the 3rd person, where he looks back at himself as a small child. This is because he is in utter disbelief at how lost he was, which is effective as the reader feels confused, just as Pip would have as a small child.

Juvenile Justice System in California Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Justice System in California turn outDoes the Time Fit the Crime? This is a call to action, how oft do we actually know about the California Juvenile Justice system? postulate we apt(p) up on todays youth? There ar more than 2,500 teenaged offenders states wide that have been decryd to keep in prison or animation without release. They atomic number 18 sent to adult court in which they were convicted for their crimes. This is costing California tax payers 2. 5 million dollars a year to house each offender, and approximately 252,000 a year per youth in the CYA (Krinsky, Pierce, Woodford,p1Kita,p1). How does this affect their psychological development? Of the different races which is most effected? Is it direction them to be better individuals or better criminals? What effects does it have on the youths family? Is justice being served? As of today there argon ccc youth youngs incarcerated in the state of California that have been given life or life without wa tchword. Does race, brotherly, and environmental factors play a role in the sentencing phase? Does the time fit the crime? Is it appropriate for juvenile persons to be sentenced as adults?The Juvenile Justice Court System was designed and dedicated to the adjudication of crimes committed by juvenile youth offenders. To be over seen by the Los Angeles Superior Court Division of Juvenile Courts (Shouselaw). Their sole purpose and goal is the rehabilitation of youth offenders. In 1943 the state of California opened CYA as a reform school but today it functions similar to the adult prisons today (Kita, p1). Youth that are prosecuted in adult court are moved out of CYA at 18 and sent to adult prison to serve the reminder of their time (Kita, p1).Fewer juvenile offenders are being committed to CYA, and more are being sent directly to adult prison. Despite declines in juvenile confinement over the stomach decade, California still has the 10th highest rate of juvenile incarceration in the nation (271 per 100,000) and the fifth highest White-Black racial disparity Black children are incarcerated at 8. 5 times the rate of White children (Children Defense fund). There are many factors and statistics used in the arguments for and against juvenile sentences of life without parole (LWOP), how of all time the statistics involving he much higher percentage, of threatenings serving life sentences than whites are very rarely mentioned (Bell,p. 2). This is further data that supports the argument that black youth has the highest ratio of incarceration. The legislature is considering bill SB399 which would spare a second chance opportunity, this shows that the state of California Juvenile System is in motivating of reform and structuring. Without SB399 there isnt any way to return these sentences. (Krinsky, Pierce, Woodford, p. 2). What immediate changes need to take place today to reduce the number of youths, being incarceration?According to the group Reforming the Juve nile Justice System, the United States is the and domain in the world that sentences young people to life in prison without the possibility of parole for crimes they committed when they were teenagers (RJJS). In California approximately 300 youth have been given this sentence a sentence to die in prison for mistakes they made during adolescence. According to homophile Rights Watch estimates, a legal age of these young people (59 percent) were first time offenders, and almost half (45 percent) were convicted of murder but were not the ones who actually committed the murder (RJJS).What can we do as a society and community to help carve the problem within our communities to ensure our youth are being treated fairly in the juvenile system? There are several problems and issues that the juvenile justice systems face today. Allegations of mistreatment, abuse, excessive force, 23 hour confinement in their cells, locking juveniles in cages at school, not providing adequate medical and mental health services, and perpetuation of gang related force play among the youth offenders. (Shouselaw,p.? ). We as a society have to tramp the question?How have these problems and issues gone unaddressed for so long? Who do we hold accountable for these allegations? Therefore, asking how this effects their psychological development and how much of it impacts their social interactions and behavior. Youth advocates have argued that juvenile youth offenders thinkers are not mature enough to fully understand the seriousness of their crimes theyve been accused of. The organization CDFCA has stated that teenager brain development research has helped us understand the ways that youth are fundamentally different from adults.With the prefrontal lobe of the brain still developing passim the teenage years, adolescents have more difficulty processing information, making logical in-the-moment decisions, weighing long-term consequences, and avoiding peer pressure. Given this research in adolescent brain development, policymakers and even the Supreme Court have recognized that youth are less culpable than adults for their actions and more likely to be rehabilitated.The Childrens Defense Fund CA believes strongly that policies around incarceration and sentencing should reflect these developmental differences, and that youth should be kept out of the adult criminal justice system and given the opportunity for rehabilitation (RJJS,p. 1). Subsequently, providing the evidence of how broken the juvenile system truly is, Richard A. Mendel wrote, We now have overwhelming evidence showing that wholesale incarceration of juvenile offenders is a counterproductive public policy (Mendel, p. 1) Stating that the current juvenile justice system.Which relies heavily on mass incarceration of teen offenders, is badly broken? The violence and abuse within youth facilities is bad enough, but these institutions also fail to rehabilitate the youth within them. (Mendel, p. 1) Adding reinf orcement that something must be done right away to save our youth leaving us to wonder how these effects will ultimately shape their lives for the better or the worst. There is a sense of desperation and despair that illuminates over these juveniles. Are the sentences handed down in these cases justified?Has justice being served in these cases? Supports of juvenile reform has provided data and research that can their claims that black youth are being sentence to much long terms than any of other race. The Human Rights Watch organization conducted research in California and found that there is discrimination when sentencing black youth offenders The states application of the law is also unjust. Eighty-five percent of youth sentenced to life without parole are people of color, with 75 percent of all cases in California being African American or Hispanic youth.African American youth are sentenced to life without parole at a rate that is 18. 3 times the rate for whites. Hispanic you th in California are sentenced to life without parole at a rate that is five times the rate of white youth in the state California has the worst record in the country for racially disproportionate sentencing. In California, African American youth are sentenced to life without parole at rates that suggest unequal treatment in advance sentencing courts. This unequal treatment by sentencing courts cannot be explained only by white and AfricanAmerican youths differential involvement in crime (HRWO,p. 1). In entree to discrimination they also found that In California alone, more than half of the youth sentenced are first time offenders with no previous criminal record. The Human Rights Watch survey of these inmates also found that many had not actually committed the murder and that their adult codefendants actually received a lesser sentence (HRWO,p1). Therefore, pointing out that these youth offenders did not have adequate representation.The organization Human Rights Watch wrote Poor legal representation often compromises a just termination in juvenile life without parole cases. Sending Approximately 227 youth have been sentenced to die in Californias prisons. They have not been sentenced to death the death penalty was found unconstitutional for juveniles by the United States Supreme Court in 2005. Instead, these young people have been sentenced to prison for the rest of their lives, with no opportunity for parole and no chance for release.Forty-five percent of youth reported that they were held legally responsible for a murder committed by someone else. In California, the spacious majority of those 17 years old and younger sentenced to life without the possibility of parole was convicted of murder. Showing that nationally 59 percent of youth sentenced to life without paroles are first-time offenders, without single juvenile court adjudication on their records (HRWO, p1-3. ). Furthermore, this research support their claims that race, social, and environment f actors play a major role in sentencing.Providing addition evidence that black and Latino juveniles are treated unfairly and justice is not being served. In conclusion, the California Juvenile Justice System is in dire need of reform. In January of this year Govern Jerry Brown, proposed is plan to end the juvenile justice division by March 2015(sfgate. com). Thus answering the questions posed there are a great deal, of problems and issues that must be addressed immediately. Like the mass incarceration of youth juveniles and mishandling of sentencing in these cases.And the harsh unfair life sentences or life without parole, which will have long term effects on their psychological development, which will impact their social and behavior interactions. This will limit their chance of ever being release. And give them an opportunity to start over with a clean slide. Furthermore, leaven a profound impact on the lives of their families. Shedding light on a decade of unfair inappropriate act ions on behave of the courts. In which justice was not served in any of the cases.

Living In A Surveillance Society Information Technology Essay

animated In A Surveillance Society nurture Technology EssayTo say we are consciously or unconsciously sleep walking into management hunting lodge is a question of incident beca utilisation frankly speaking individuals in ships company go through with(predicate) more or less seduce of superint reverseence. The security attached to direction allows individuals embrace it and sometimes with the knowledge of risks that keep an eye on with cosmos go steadyed meanwhile others walk into a watch rules of order without any knowledge of much(prenominal) dangers.1.2 Judging from past and present correctts reported in several graphemes, journals and articles about the benefits and dangers that accompany a surveillance indian lodge, I am of the opinion that there is a submit to analyse the concept of a surveillance union to as reliable if the concerns of the Information Commissioner are justified or not.1.3 This essay would surround diverse issues in relation to a surveil lance society much(prenominal) as individual solitude, entropy protection, integritys that provide for selective information protection, different forms of surveillance and surveillance technologies with a view to providing some clarity regarding the concerns of the commissioner on the concept of a surveillance society.2.0 Surveillance2.1 Definition of surveillanceSurveillance is viewed as having information about ones movement and activities recorded by technologies on behalf of the organisations and disposals that structured our society.1Surveillance was also defined as a inclinationful routine, systematic and centre attention paid to ad hominem details for the sake of stamp down, entitlement, management, influence or protection.2In my opinion, to be on a lower floor surveillance means that almost every sentiment of an individuals life is been watched, monitored and controlled by others who consider themselves superior and thereby deny people of their right to privacy and control of different aspects of their lives.Professor Ian J.Lloyd, referring to Alan Westins seminar work on Information Technology in a Democracy identified 3 types of surveillance asphysical, psychological and selective information surveillance3Physical surveillance involves the reflexion and monitor of acts of individuals in a society and preserve be carried out with or without the use of surveillance technologies. The use of spies, spooks and acts of security agencies ruination within the in a higher place and is apply to limited individuals.Psychological surveillance involves the use of surveillance technologies to monitor the activities of individuals in a society by the use of interrogations.Furthermore, selective information surveillance involves the use of ones mortalal information to monitor their activities. Due to technology compliance by countries, informationveillance is the most prominent form of surveillance apply which is supported by electronic device s.2.2 Living in a surveillance societyThe thinker of a surveillance society springs from the fears of the government and people as regards the reoccurring threats to lives of individuals based on past events alike(p) terrorism, fraud, armed robbery and shop lifting. In finding solutions to these problems, certain measures and forms of surveillance were introduced to provide security, and whether these solutions are appropriate, remains a question as there might be more invasive answers which result to an individuals right to privacy and anonymity being infringed. Focus should reflect the attainment of social goals rather than living in the shadow of the consequence of a surveillance society.4The United Kingdom (UK)is an example of a country that is fully compliant with the idea of a surveillance society because almost every aspect of their lives starting from taking a walk on the streets, driving their cars, going shopping in the supermarkets, going to the hospital and even in th eir work place they are under surveillance and this is so because the UK is a highly technically developed country with access to lots of surveillance technologies used to monitor the activities in the life of their citizens and the UK has been described as the most surveyed country with more CCTV cameras that the irony is that it still has loose justices on privacy and info protection.In Britain there are about 4.2 million CCTV cameras, one for every fourteen people, meaning that an individuals activities whoremonger be captured by over three hundred cameras a day. Reporters claim Britain has the biggest DNA data base with over a million innocent peoples data on, with some being aware and others in the dark and with the advent of new and improved modern surveillance technologies being introduced individuals will be submited to even more surveillance than they are going through today.5A surveillance society is not a totally bad concept as it has its advantages and disadvantages . Its advantages include provision of security and protection of people from data processor hackers, terrorists, threats to public security, provides speed and enhances co-ordination6.Consequent upon the pros of a surveillance society, the greatest proscribe effect of a surveillance society is the threat to privacy of individuals, though we bet to be more concerned with our fears and in the process over look the possibility that being fully dependent on surveillance technologies for safety could end up being of more harm to us than good. Surveillance creates lack of trust and raises suspicion between citizens, citizens and the state, thereby h cardinalening the request for us to control and monitor our activities.2.3 Surveillance TechnologiesThere are different kinds of surveillance technologies that are used in our society today which can also be mallmarized under the different forms of surveillance. nigh examples of surveillance technologies includes as follows(a) Video surv eillance i.e. the use of Closed-circuit Televisions (CCTV)(b) Tele communication theory surveillance(c) biostatistics(d) Shop Radio Frequency credit (RFID) tags(e) homage cards(f) Internet cookies(g) Data Flows(h) Locating, Tracking Tagging Technologies(I) London Oyster Cards e.t.cVideo SurveillanceThis is considered the most popular kind of surveillance technology used in a surveillance society because the use of CCTV cameras enable the capturing of images of individuals who go about their activities with the aim of preventing crime. CCTV cameras are devices that puzzle actively been used in Britain to watch people and as such it has been predicted by experts that by the year 2009, 642 million pounds would produce been pass on video surveillance software as against the 147million pounds spent in 2004 in a bid to reducing the crime rate.7Telecommunications surveillanceThis involves the use of technical equipments such as globular Positioning System (GPS), tapping of phones by the police or security services and it involves the exchange of data and information which is enabled by large scale digital and computing systems such as the internet.Biometrics SurveillanceBiometrics is another very common surveillance technology being used today in most organizations, embassies and airports. This form of identification includes dust trace e.g. fingerprints, iris scans, facial topography and hand scans which are all used on different passports and I.D card systems. Biometrics has been predicted to cause UK a healthy sum of 4.7 billion industry in 2009 which initially in the year 2003 cost 675 million and this is so because of the creation of more sophisticated surveillance technologies like refreshed cameras to iris identification, all with the belief that there will be accuracy in identification and crime will be cut down.8Radio Frequency Identification Technologies (RFID)It involves the use of radio frequency communications as a way to track goods as they mo ve through the supply chain. RFID are embedded into products, pallets and cases thereby enabling the RFID readers read information from those tags9.Data flows SurveillanceThis is a very sensitive form of surveillance as it is gathered by surveillance technologies and it flows close to computer networks and has been described by Clarke R as dataveillancewhich is the systematic use of own(prenominal) data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions of one or more persons10.In most circumstances of data subjects consents to giving their data, but what now happens in a situation whereby the data is transferred elsewhere and there is no idea as to where the data goes by either the public or data sharing agencies. In such a case one tends to wonder if we can say we acquit confidence in the state as regards the safety of our data.With the use of these technologies you can see that in a surveillance society our lives can be monitored entirely as everything you do has one fo rm of surveillance technology which can be used to track you. Some of these technologies include Global Positioning System(GPS) which can be use in tracking your precise location, loyalty cards which can be use to determine your capacity in shopping and as such marketers know how to target a customer based on his or her spending habits and even the internet can be monitored because every individual leaves trails when browsing the internet and this trails are called cookies which are left on a users machine thereby recognizing when visits were made to that site thereby qualification the activities of user traceable11.There are also non-technological means of surveillance of surveillance which we practice as individuals in the society such as eavesdropping, watching, use of human spies and numerous others12. But these methods due to the advent of technology and modernity are gradually fading away because they are looked upon as ineffective compared to technological mediums. This is because surveillance technologies provide faster means of security, safety and certainty.We are left with the concern of how effective surveillance technologies are to our lives and to what extent can we say that they down made a positive impact on our lives than the negative ones.2.4 The Negative and Positive Impact of Surveillance on our society.A surveillance society has its negative and positive impacts on our lives as individuals in the society but the negatives impacts are greater than the positive ones. Surveillance society has a way of setting traps for individuals in a society and this trap includes(a)Thinking that surveillance is a product of new technologies and(b)Thinking of surveillance as a malign plot hatched by criminal powers.13Ones an individuals looks at the concept of a surveillance society in this light then it is easy for one to fall into the trap of a surveillance society and the dangers that it poses to how lives.Apart from a sense of security, safety, min imum amount of risks, swift flow of goods, people and information which we as individuals believe are the positive effects of surveillance on our lives, what other way can we really say that a surveillance society has improved our lives or limited the risks and dangers we go through every day because disregarding of all the different forms of surveillance both technological and non-technological, It has not kept us out of harms way. The presence of CCTV cameras in the UK has not reduced the level of crime as terrorist still find means of operating and planning attacks. More so, individual ain data are still being used against them and all thanks to surveillance.Surveillance creates room for suspicion and lack of trust in the society because why should employers feel there is a need to monitor the affairs of their employees by bugging their cell phones, putting tracking devices in their company vehicles, storage of employees personal data, making them undertake certain medical test s and respondent personal questions about their lives which could be used against them in the future.Surveillance exposes individuals in a society to harm as we may not know who is watching us and what purpose our data is being used for because in the UK and the world at large, we still do not have updated data protection laws that would conceptive our database from unauthorized access or leakage and therefore leaving us in harms way if our personal data was to fall into the hands of the wrong person because those watching us could pose a threat to us, instead of providing us with security.Surveillance encourages social discrimination relating to race and ethnicity as sometimes our personal data is used to determine the level of benefits we get in the society.Surveillance encourages deceit, dishonesty and function creep in the sense that the data controllers tell the people that they need their data for a particular purpose and end up using such data for another purpose. Also surv eillance technologies help marketers to manipulate customers data in the sense that the use of Loyalty Cards which is common in the UK helps producers to monitor the resources of a customer by their shopping habits and as such they come up with ways to direct marketing to that customer in order to make profits and this is wrong.Another negative effect of a surveillance society which I consider to be the most crucial is the infringement of ones right to privacy and the total loss of an individuals anonymity in the society. hiding is a fundamental right of every individual in a society but you find that in a surveillance society, it is not possible for one to perform that right because everywhere you go, you cant be anonymous because cameras are watching in the streets and as such the whole idea of privacy and anonymity has been defeated.The above effects of surveillance are more negative than positive and much more has to be done to grant us more confidence that our society is saf e.3.0 The Right to Privacy In Relation to a Surveillance Society3.1 What is Privacy?The concept of Privacy in relation to a surveillance society is of paramount importance because an individuals privacy in society is a constitutional right which should not be infringed.One cannot talk about a surveillance society without the issue of privacy. Privacy and surveillance cannot co-exist together without one being a hindrance to the other. A surveillance society cannot function without crossing the rail of privacy while privacy cannot be secured in a surveillance society, which poses a dilemma to individuals because we are left with two options which are(a)Choose Surveillance and repudiate your privacy and(b)Choose your Privacy and live with the possibility of being exposed to danger and risks at any timeWith these options, whatever choice will make us prone to loosing something important to our lives.3.2 Definitions of PrivacyPrivacy was defined by Judge Cooley in the year 1888 as The right to be left alone 14. Privacy has also been defined by some writers asThe right of the individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs or those of his family, by direct physical means or by publication of information15Privacy is very important to individuals in the sense that it is the only form of dignity and pride individuals have. Therefore laws need to protect this right, otherwise people in a surveillance society will become puppets who have no control as to how their personal data and information is used and manipulated by the Puppet masters.Article 8 of the Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms (Convention), 1985 provides which was ratified by the Council of atomic number 63 provides that (1) Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.(2)There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interest of national security, public safety of economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health morals or for the protection of the rights of freedoms of others.16This convention as of that year was not a confirm law and its provisions could only be confirmed in European Courts and because UK was a signatory for the Council of Europe, the Convention applied to the UK but in 1998 the Human Rights take ons (HRA) was enacted in the UK and were incorporated into the UK law and a more recent Law was enacted in 2000 in charter (7) of the Fundamental rights of the European Union which provided for right to privacy in respect to modern day communication.173.3 Issues of Privacy in Relation to a surveillance societyA surveillance society is a huge surface area of contention in relation to privacy in the sense that it affects every aspect of an individuals life.Eric Barendt ,Described the fight between surve illance and privacy as (Political) he say prominent figures mostly politicians, celebrities, members of the royal family are trying to protect their lives from media scrutiny meanwhile on the other hand the press which is surveillance in this case is fighting to retain their liberty of publication18He was also of the view that privacy is a fundamental human right that should not beInfringed on either by the government, business, individual or the media19As individuals in a surveillance society we need to have the right to preserve our privacy but if our actions keep on being monitored by technological or non-technological means of surveillance, it will leave a trail which can be traced back to us. Also, the fact that our personal data is constantly being transferred from one data base to another and processed by different processors makes access to our personal information easy.In the case of R v Brown20, Lord Hoffman in his judgement statedPrivacy which is the right to keep onesel f to our self, to tell other people that certain things are none of their business is under technological threat due to the different and various types of surveillance e.g. surveillance cameras, telephone bugs, which are used by individuals in the society today.21Also in the case of Leander v Sweden22, Mr Torsten Leander was denied employment as a result of his personal information which was held in a story and was revealed to his employer without knowledge of the kind of information that was kept about him and for what purpose it will be used and this constituted a breach of his right to privacy provided for in Article 8 (1) Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms (Convention).In the case of Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers23, taking pictures of Miss Campbell outside the Nacortics Anonymous, breached her right to privacy when her photos were published. She appealed on the grounds of breach of confidence by the media and which is one of her fundamental human right and against the p rovisions of the Data protection Act (1998). The court of appeal was against the verdict of the case but on appeal the House of Lords passed judgement in her favour which also gave rise to other opinions concerning the extent to which ones privacy can be said to have been breached.In the case of Craxi v Italy, it was established that there was indeed an infringement of Article 8 of the European convention on human rights, though Mr. Craxi was guilty of committing certain offences, it was held thatthe state failed to provide safe custody of the transcripts of telephone conversation which Were presented as evidence before the court and to subsequently draw out out an effective Investigation as to how those private communications were released into public domain24Privacy is gradually becoming lost in our society irrespective of the different Laws that have been established in our society, we cant honestly say that they protect our personal information from the dangers of a surveillanc e society such as globalization, the internet and the continuous invention of new technologies by virtue of new discoveries.4.0 REGULATIONSA society cannot exist without laws and supervisory authorities that would tone the actions and behaviours of individuals. In a surveillance society, there is a great need for laws and bodies to be established in other to oversee and supervise the way our personal data is being used because without people watching those who process our data, there is a risk of danger to us as our information could be manipulated and used against us if it were to fall into wrong hands. Blackmail by criminals and discrimination to our person could result where medical data about an individual who has HIV or other deadly diseases was to leak, as the person could be subject to social discrimination and stigmatisation.As a result of this, different countries have supervisory authorities who possess some powers to consider that our privacy is protected in a surveilla nce society. Article 28 (1) and (2) of the data protection directional provides for the establishment of these supervisory authorities and their powers. In the UK we have the information commissioner meanwhile other member countries except Germany have a single supervisory authority who supervise the affairs of their personal data.25Different Laws have been enacted and put in place in our society today so as to make sure that our personal information is protected but these laws have their strengths and weaknesses and cannot be relied on completely by individuals in a surveillance society. Most of this law are guided by some basic teachings such as(a)Personal data must be processed fairly and lawfully.(b)Personal data should not be use for any purpose other than the purpose it wasobtained for.(c)Personal data must be accurate and kept up to date.(d)An individual must be informed of when personal data about them is collected.(e)The purpose for which personal data was obtained should be stated.(f)The consent of the individual must be obtained before obtaining their personalinformation(g)Individuals must be told how their data will be protected from misuse.(I)Individuals should be told how they can access their data and should be able to verifyits accuracy and request changes where necessary26.The above represent the basic fair information principles (FIP) that regulate the control of our personal data in a surveillance society. These principles exist side by side with some laws in controlling the use of our data. Some of these laws include(1)European Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC.(2)Data Protection Act 1998.(3)Regulation of investigatory powers Act 2000.(4)Anti-Terrorism Crime and gage Act 2001.(5)The Council of Europe Convention.(6)OECD 1980 Laws.(7)Telecommunications Directive (97/66/EC).(8) Electronic communications Act 2000.4.1 Data Protection Act (1998)The need of data protections laws arouse out of the growing use of computers in the seventies and t he threat to personal privacy that rapid manipulation of data posed and as a result data was made easily accessible from many different points. Computer technology makes it possible for data to be transferred from one data base to another by data controllers and processors such as employers, companies, government agencies and so on and data subjects most of the time are not aware of the purpose for which their personal data is being used.27Schedule 1 of the Act provides for the principles of data protection, schedule 2 provides for all personal data and schedule 3 provides only for sensitive personal data.The Act defined personal data in section 1 as data which relate to a living individual who can be identified from those data or from those data which are under procession of or is likely to come into the possession of the data controller28.It also provides in section 2 for sensitive personal data which is personal data consisting of information as to racial or ethnic origin, sexual life, mental health, religious beliefs29The Act is a regulatory law that is recognised by the UK and as such section 630of the Act provides for the Office of the Information Commissioner and the tribunal and their powers as supervisory authorities with regards to our personal data and this Act applies to the United Kingdom (UK) and any other (EEA) state by virtue of section 5 of this act31The Act also provides data subjects with some rights in order to protect their personal data such asRight to access of our personal dataRight to be informed of our personal data and the purpose for which they are usedRight of rectification and erasure of data when it appears incorrect e.t.cSchedule 1 of the Data protection Act (1998) provided for eight principles which data controllers and processors are to apply when handling our personal data which is in conformity with the fair information principles mentioned above.4.2ORGANIZATION OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ( OECD 1980) LAWSThe OE CD guidelines were adopted in 1980 on the protection of privacy and trans-border data flows of personal data. It comprised of 24 countries throughout the world and including the U.S and it was enacted to harmonize national privacy legislation and uphold human rights and prevent interruptions in international flows of data.The OECD 1980 guidelines include(1)Collection limitation There should be limits to the collection of personal data and it should be obtained by lawful means with the consent of the data subject where necessary(2)Data quality principle states that personal data should be relevant for the purposes in which they are used and should be accurate and up to date.(3)Purpose specification The purpose for which the data was collected must be specified(4)Security safeguards principle for example loss, unauthorized access, destruction and so on should be observed.(5)Openness Principle(6)Individual participation principle(7)Accountability principle A data controller should be a ccountable for complying with measures which give effect to the principles stated above(8) Use limitation principle Personal data should not be disclosed, made available or used for purposes other than those specified except with the consent of the data subject or the law.324.3 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act (2001)This law was established to reduce the level of terrorism and crime and to provide for the retention of communications data and for many other connected purposes. This law is issued by the secretary of the state who from time to time can revise a code of practise in relation to the retention of communications providers of communications data obtained by and held by them in other to safeguard national security and prevent crime by virtue of section102 (1),(2) and (3) of the Act.33Judging from our analysis of a few laws, reports have shown that these privacy laws are not efficient enough to safeguard our privacy and personal data in a surveillance society. new(preno minal) measures of regulation include(1)Self regulation by the use of codes to regulates their conduct34(2)Privacy enhancing technologies (PET)35(3) Individual s